Transition cow index
Applicants have identified that three critical phenotypic/genetic measures are highly correlated with transition period health and may be used in selection and breeding protocols and/or in combination with traditional breeding and marker assisted selection methods to improve predictability of transition period health. According to the invention genetic evaluations for mastitis, ketosis, and metritis have been found to be highly predictive of overall transition health. The genetic evaluations are produced by directly measuring thousands of clinical cases of mastitis, ketosis, and metritis in ancestors of a particular animal and using this data in selection. Applicant's selection criteria and quickly impact a breeders population by reducing transition cow disease incidence in the initial population and in progeny.
1. A method of breeding bovine animals to create a progeny population with improved milk production and health during the transition period comprising:
a) detecting in a sample from at least one bovine subject of a population the presence or absence of at least one genetic marker associated with mastitis, at least one genetic marker associated with metritis, and at least one genetic marker associated with ketosis;
b) assigning an estimated breeding value to said bovine subject based on the presence or absence of said genetic markers;
c) selecting a bovine animal ranked within the top 30% of the population based on said estimated breeding value, wherein the selected bovine animal is used as a first parent bovine animal; and
d) breeding said first parent bovine animal with a second parent bovine animal to create said progeny population, wherein female bovine animals of said progeny population demonstrate improved milk production and health during the transition period when compared to female bovine animals of a progeny population where a first parent bovine animal has not been so selected.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first parent bovine animal is a dam.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first parent bovine animal is a sire.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein both the first parent bovine animal and the second parent bovine animal are ranked within the top 30% of the population based on said estimated breeding value.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first parent bovine animal is ranked within the top 10% of bovine animals of the population based on said estimated breeding value.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first parent bovine animal is ranked within the top 20% of bovine animals of the population based on said estimated breeding value.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said estimated breeding value is combined with estimated breeding values for milk, fat, and protein yield, fat and protein percentage, productive life, and/or somatic cell scores.
8. A method of selecting a breeding population of bovine comprising:
detecting in samples from multiple bovine subjects the presence or absence of at least one genetic marker associated with mastitis, at least one genetic marker associated with metritis, and at least one genetic marker associated with ketosis;
selecting at least one bovine subject ranked within the top 30% of the multiple bovine subjects based on the presence or absence of the genetic markers; and
breeding said selected bovine subject to create a progeny population, wherein said progeny population has an improved milk production and health, particularly during the transition period when compared to a progeny population where the animal has not been so selected.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least one selected bovine subject is a dam.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least one selected bovine subject is a sire.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least one selected bovine subject comprises both a dam and a sire.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least one selected bovine subject is ranked within the top 10% of the multiple bovine subjects based on the presence or absence of the genetic markers.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein said at least one selected bovine subject is ranked within the top 20% of the multiple bovine subjects based on the presence or absence of the genetic markers.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein said metritis, mastitis and ketosis incidence is assigned an estimated breeding value.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said estimated breeding value is combined with estimated breeding values for other traits such as milk, fat, and protein yield, fat and protein percentage, productive life, and somatic cell scores.
16. A progeny population produced by the method of claim 8 .
17. A method for selectively breeding bovine animals using a multiple ovulation and embryo transfer procedure (MOET) procedure, the method comprising:
superovulating a first female bovine animal selected according to the method of claim 1 ,
collecting eggs from said superovulated first female bovine animal,
in vitro fertilizing said collected eggs from a suitable male bovine animal, implanting said fertilized eggs into other a second female bovine animal and allowing for an embryo to develop from said implanted fertilized egg to create a population of male and female bovine progeny animals, wherein said female bovine progeny animals have improved milk production and health, particularly during the transition period when compared to a female bovine animal of a progeny population where the first female bovine animal has not been so selected.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said breeding comprises:
collecting semen from said first parent bovine animal; and
using said semen for fertilizing said second parent bovine animal.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the second parent bovine animal is in-vitro fertilized.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein a Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) procedure is used.