Use of renewable oil in hydrotreatment process
The use of bio oil from at least one renewable source in a hydrotreatment process, in which process hydrocarbons are formed from said glyceride oil in a catalytic reaction, and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron. A bio oil intermediate including bio oil from at least one renewable source and the iron content of said bio oil is less than 1 w-ppm calculated as elemental iron.
1. A method of hydrotreating a feed stream of bio oil feedstock to be introduced to at least one catalyst bed of a hydrodeoxygenation reactor to form hydrocarbons for a renewable fuel, the method comprising:
correlating an iron concentration of the feed stream of bio oil feedstock within a range of less than 1 to 0.2 w-ppm, calculated as elemental iron, to a rate of increase in pressure drop across the at least one catalyst bed;
selecting an iron concentration within the range to be introduced into the at least one catalyst bed of the hydrodeoxygenation reactor to thereby avoid catalyst bed plugging relative to an expected catalyst bed life cycle length; and
introducing the feed stream of bio oil feedstock with the selected iron concentration to the at least one catalyst bed of the hydrodeoxygenation reactor during a hydrotreatment process to form hydrocarbons.
2. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
pretreating the feed stream of bio oil feedstock to the selected iron concentration for introduction to the hydrodeoxygenation reactor so as not to shorten the expected catalyst bed cycle length due to catalyst bed plugging caused by an increase in pressure drop within the hydrodeoxygenation reactor.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron concentration is selected as a function of dimensioning design of the hydrodeoxygenation reactor and wherein the method comprises:
assessing the expected catalyst bed life cycle length based on catalyst deactivation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio oil feedstock contains phosphorous.
5. The method of claim 3 , comprising:
calculating the expected catalyst bed life cycle length based on catalyst deactivation by a feed stream of the bio oil feedstock.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the catalyst bed plugging in the reactor is represented as a pressure drop of 3 bar across the hydrodeoxygenation reactor relative to an initial pressure of 0.5 bar.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the catalyst bed plugging in the hydrodeoxygenation reactor is represented as a pressure drop of 2.5 bar.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the rate of catalyst bed plugging across the catalyst bed in the reactor is determined by dividing an increase in pressure drop across the catalyst bed at a given time with a total cumulative feed introduced in the hydrodeoxygenation reactor.
9. The method of claim 8 , comprising:
adding hydrogen to the bio oil feedstock.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bio oil feedstock contains:
a concentration of phosphorous of less than 5 w-pp; and
a total concentration of alkali metals and alkali earth metals of less than 1-w-ppm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reactor comprises:
a NiMo catalyst bed.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reactor comprises:
a CoMo catalyst bed.
13. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
subjecting the formed hydrocarbons output from the hydrodeoxygenation reactor as n-paraffins to isomerization to form iso-paraffins.