Method of producing a dairy concentrate with free divalent cations protein aggregation
The invention relates to a method of producing a dairy concentrate, comprising the steps of: providing an ingredient composition comprising micellar caseins and whey proteins and having a pH of 6.1-7.1 and a concentration of 3-25 wt. % of proteins, and wherein the ingredient composition has a casein to whey protein ratio of 90/10-60/40, adding 3-25 mM divalent cations to provide a concentration of 3-8 mM free divalent cations in the ingredient composition, homogenising the ingredient composition; and subsequently pasteurising and stirring the ingredient composition at a temperature of 80°-105° C. for a period of 0.5-3 min to form agglomerated proteins comprising caseins and beta-lactoglobulin from the whey proteins, the agglomerates having a size of 3-50 microns as measured by D(4,3) mean diameter. The invention also relates to a method with an ultra-high temperature treatment of the ingredient mix. Furthermore, the invention relates to a dairy concentrate comprising aggregated proteins comprising micellar casein and whey protein aggregates, wherein the product has a pH of 6.0-7.1, a concentration of 6-55 wt. % milk solids, a casein to whey protein ratio of 90/10-60/40, and a concentration of 3-8 mM free divalent cations, and wherein the agglomerates having a size of 3-50 microns mean diameter D(4,3) as measured by laser diffraction.
1. A method of producing a dairy concentrate, the method comprising:
providing an ingredient composition comprising micellar caseins and whey proteins, the ingredient composition having a pH of 6.1-7.1 and comprising 3-25 wt. % of proteins, wherein the ingredient composition has a weight ratio of the micellar caseins to the whey proteins in a range of 90/10-60/40;
adding 3-25 mM divalent cations to provide a concentration of 3-8 mM free divalent cations in the ingredient composition;
homogenising the ingredient composition; and subsequently
pasteurising and stirring the ingredient composition at a temperature of 80°−105° C. for a period of 0.5-3 minutes to form agglomerated proteins comprising the micellar caseins and beta-lactoglobulin from the whey proteins, the agglomerated proteins having a size of 3-50 microns as measured by D (4,3) mean diameter.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerated proteins have the size of 5-30 microns.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca cations, Mg cations, and combinations thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the divalent cations are added to the ingredient composition until the concentration of the free divalent cations in the ingredient composition is in the range of 3.5-6.5 mM.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the divalent cations are added in a mineral salt.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the mineral salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the ingredient composition is 6.2-7.1 before adding the divalent cations.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a content of soluble protein in the ingredient composition is below or equal to 30% in relation to total protein content.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ingredient composition comprises 0-50 wt. % fat.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the micellar caseins and the whey proteins in the ingredient composition are provided in a form selected from the group consisting of raw milk, pasteurized milk, low heat concentrated milk, low heat milk powder, milk protein concentrate, milk protein isolate in liquid format, milk protein isolate in powder format, and a combination thereof.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dairy concentrate is a concentrate comprising 6-55 wt. % milk solids.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the concentrate is dried into powder by means of freeze drying, spray drying or roller-drying.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the ingredient composition comprises additional whey proteins provided in a form selected from the group consisting of raw milk, pasteurized milk, low heat concentrated milk, low heat milk powder, milk protein concentrate, milk protein isolate in liquid format, milk protein isolate in powder format, and a combination thereof.
14. A method of producing a dairy concentrate, the method comprising:
providing an ingredient composition comprising micellar caseins and whey proteins, the ingredient composition having a pH of 6.1-7.1 and comprising 3-25 wt. % of proteins, wherein the ingredient composition has a weight ratio of the micellar caseins to the whey proteins in a range of 90/10-60/40;
adding 3-25 mM divalent cations to provide a concentration of 3-8 mM free divalent cations in the ingredient composition;
homogenising the ingredient composition; and subsequently
pasteurising and stirring the ingredient composition at a temperature of 120°-150° C. for a period of 3-30 seconds to form agglomerated proteins comprising the micellar caseins and beta-lactoglobulin from the whey proteins, the agglomerated proteins having a size of 3-50 microns as measured by D (4,3) mean diameter.
15. A dairy concentrate comprising aggregated proteins comprising aggregates of micellar casein and whey protein, wherein:
the dairy concentrate has a pH of 6.0-7.1, comprises 6-55 wt. % milk solids, has a weight ratio of the micellar casein to the whey protein in a range of 90/10-60/40, and comprises 3-8 mM free divalent cations, wherein the aggregates have a mean diameter D (4,3) of 3-50 microns as measured by laser diffraction.