Z-pinch plasma confinement system having intermediate electrode and methods for use
An example method includes directing gas, via one or more first valves, from within an inner electrode to an acceleration region between the inner electrode and an outer electrode that substantially surrounds the inner electrode, directing gas, via two or more second valves, from outside the outer electrode to the acceleration region, and applying, via a power supply, a voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, thereby converting at least a portion of the directed gas into a plasma saving a substantially annular cross section, the plasma flowing axially within the acceleration region toward a first end of the inner electrode and a first end of the outer electrode and, thereafter, establishing a Z-pinch plasma that flows between the first end of the outer electrode and the first end of the inner electrode. Related plasma confinement systems and methods are also disclosed herein.
1. A method for operating a plasma confinement system, the method comprising:
directing first gas, via one or more first valves, from within an inner electrode to an acceleration region between the inner electrode and an outer electrode that substantially surrounds the inner electrode;
directing second gas, via two or more second valves, from outside the outer electrode to the acceleration region;
applying, via a first power supply, a first voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, thereby converting at least a portion of the first and second gases into a plasma having a substantially annular cross section, the plasma flowing axially within the acceleration region toward a first end of the inner electrode and a first end of the outer electrode; and
applying, via a second power supply, a second voltage between the inner electrode and an intermediate electrode to establish a Z-pinch plasma that flows between the intermediate electrode and the first end of the inner electrode, wherein the intermediate electrode is positioned at the first end of the outer electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate electrode is substantially disc-shaped.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Z-pinch plasma flows in an assembly region within the outer electrode between the first end of the inner electrode and the intermediate electrode.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first valves are positioned axially between the first end of the inner electrode and a second end of the inner electrode.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the first gas via the one or more first valves comprises providing a first valve voltage to the one or more first valves followed by providing a second valve voltage to the one or more first valves.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the second gas via the two or more second valves comprises providing a third valve voltage to the two or more second valves followed by providing a fourth valve voltage to the two or more second valves.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the Z-pinch plasma comprises establishing the Z-pinch plasma such that the Z-pinch plasma has a radius between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the Z-pinch plasma comprises establishing the Z-pinch plasma such that the Z-pinch plasma has an ion temperature greater than 900 eV and an electron temperature greater than 500 eV.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the Z-pinch plasma comprises establishing the Z-pinch plasma such that the Z-pinch plasma exhibits sheared flow.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the Z-pinch plasma comprises establishing the Z-pinch plasma such that the Z-pinch plasma exhibits a magnetic field over 8 T.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein establishing the Z-pinch plasma comprises establishing the Z-pinch plasma such that the Z-pinch plasma exhibits stability for at least 10 μs.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second gases are of a same composition.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer electrode forms a cavity and the inner electrode is positioned within the cavity.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the application of the first voltage results in a radial electric field within a range of 30 kV/m to 500 kV/m.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Z-pinch plasma is established when the plasma moves beyond the acceleration region.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acceleration region has a substantially annular cross section defined by shapes of the inner and outer electrodes.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the inner and outer electrodes are concentric and have radial symmetry with respect to a same axis.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the first gas via the one or more first valves results in a gas pressure adjacent to the one or more first valves within a range of 1000 to 5800 Torr prior to the first voltage being applied via the first power supply.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the gas pressure adjacent to the one or more first valves is within a range of 5450 to 5550 Torr.