Fluid catalytic cracking process and apparatus for maximizing light olefin yield and other applications
Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.
1. A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons, comprising:
feeding a mixture of first particles and second particles from a regenerator to a transport vessel or riser reactor, wherein the first particles have a smaller average particle size and/or are less dense than the second particles, and wherein the first particles and second particles may independently be catalytic or non-catalytic particles;
feeding a reactive and/or non-reactive carrier fluid to the transport vessel or riser reactor;
recovering an overhead product from the transport vessel/riser reactor comprising the carrier fluid and/or a reaction product of the carrier fluid, the second particles, and the first particles;
feeding the overhead product to an integrated disengagement vessel, the integrated disengagement vessel comprising:
a housing;
a solids separation device disposed within the housing for separating the second particles from the overhead product to provide a first stream, comprising the first particles and the carrier fluid and/or a reaction product of the carrier fluid, and a second stream, comprising the separated second particles;
one or more cyclones disposed within the housing for separating the first stream to recover a solids fraction, comprising the first particles, and a vapor fraction, comprising the carrier fluid and/or a reaction product of the carrier fluid;
an internal vessel disposed within the housing for receiving the second stream comprising the separated second particles;
an annular region between the housing and the internal vessel for receiving the solids fraction comprising the first particles;
a vapor outlet for recovering the vapor fraction;
a first solids outlet fluidly connected to the annular region; and
a second solids outlet fluidly connected to the internal vessel;
recovering the solids fraction from the annular region via the first solids outlet; and
recovering the separated second particles via the second solids outlet.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the solids fraction comprising the separated first particles from the annular region to the regenerator.
3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising feeding the separated second particles from the internal vessel to the transport vessel or riser reactor, wherein the separated second particles are mixed with the mixture of first particles and second particles from the regenerator.
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the separated second particles from the internal vessel to the regenerator.
5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising feeding the solids fraction comprising the separated first particles from the annular region to the transport vessel or riser reactor, wherein the separated second particles are mixed with the mixture of first particles and second particles from the regenerator.
6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
feeding the separated second particles from the internal vessel to a reactor;
contacting the separated second particles with a hydrocarbon feedstock to crack the hydrocarbon feedstock.
7. A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons, comprising:
feeding a mixture of first particles and second particles from a regenerator to a riser reactor, wherein the first particles have a smaller average particle size and/or are less dense than the second particles, and wherein the first particles and second particles may independently be catalytic or non-catalytic particles;
feeding a hydrocarbon fraction to the riser reactor and contacting the hydrocarbon fraction with the mixture of first particles and second particles to convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon fraction;
recovering an overhead product from the riser reactor comprising the converted hydrocarbon fraction, the second particles, and the first particles;
feeding the overhead product to an integrated disengagement vessel, the integrated disengagement vessel comprising:
a housing;
a solids separation device disposed within the housing for separating the second particles from the overhead product to provide a first stream, comprising the first particles and the converted hydrocarbon fraction, and a second stream, comprising the separated second particles;
one or more cyclones disposed within the housing for separating the first stream to recover a solids fraction, comprising the first particles, and a vapor fraction, comprising the converted hydrocarbon fraction;
an internal vessel disposed within the housing for receiving the second stream comprising the separated second particles;
an annular region between the housing and the internal vessel for receiving the solids fraction comprising the first particles;
a vapor outlet for recovering the vapor fraction;
feeding the solids fraction from the annular region to the regenerator; and
enhancing a concentration of the second particles within the riser reactor by feeding the separated second particles from the internal vessel to the riser reactor, wherein the separated second particles are mixed with the mixture of first particles and second particles from the regenerator to form a converted hydrocarbon fraction.
8. The process of claim 7 , further comprising:
feeding a second hydrocarbon feedstock and a mixture of first particles and second particles to a second reactor;
contacting the mixture of first and second particles with a second hydrocarbon feedstock to crack the second hydrocarbon feedstock and form a second reactor effluent comprising lighter hydrocarbons and a mixture of first and second particles;
feeding the second reactor effluent to a separator to separate the first and second particles from the lighter hydrocarbons and the converted hydrocarbon effluent; and
recovering a hydrocarbon product from the separator.
9. The process of claim 8 , further comprising:
feeding fresh second particles to the riser reactor; and
feeding fresh first particles to the regenerator.
10. The process of claim 8 , further comprising:
feeding the vapor fraction recovered via the vapor outlet and feeding the hydrocarbon product recovered from the separator to a fractionation system for separating the hydrocarbon products therein into two or more hydrocarbon fractions including a naphtha fraction; and
feeding the naphtha fraction to the riser reactor as the hydrocarbon feedstock.
11. The process of claim 7 , further comprising adjusting a vapor split ratio in the solids separation device to carry over a portion of the second catalyst in the first stream.