High-strength free-cutting copper alloy and method for producing high-strength free-cutting copper alloy
This high-strength free-cutting copper alloy comprises 75.4-78.0% Cu, 3.05-3.55% Si, 0.05-0.13% P and 0.005-0.070% Pb, with the remainder comprising Zn and inevitable impurities, wherein the amount of Sn existing as inevitable impurities is at most 0.05%, the amount of Al is at most 0.05%, and the total amount of Sn and Al is at most 0.06%. The composition satisfies the following relations: 78.0≤f1=Cu+0.8×Si+P+Pb≤80.8; and 60.2≤f2=Cu−4.7×Si−P+0.5×Pb≤61.5. The area percentage (%) of respective constituent phases satisfies the following relations: 29≤κ≤60; 0≤γ≤0.3; β=0; 0≤μ≤1.0; 98.6≤f3=α+κ; 99.7≤f4=α+κ+γ+μ; 0≤f5=γ+μ≤1.2; and 30≤f6=κ+6×γ 1/2 +0.5×μ≤62. The long side of the γ phase is at most 25 μm, the long side of the μ phase is at most 20 μm, and the κ phase is present within the α phase.
1. A method of manufacturing a free-cutting copper alloy, the method comprising:
any one or both of a cold working step and a hot working step; and
an annealing step that is performed after the cold working step or the hot working step,
wherein in the annealing step, the copper alloy is heated or cooled under any one of the following conditions (1) to (4):
(1) the copper alloy is held at a temperature of 525° C. to 575° C. for 15 minutes to 8 hours;
(2) the copper alloy is held at a temperature of 505° C. or higher and lower than 525° C. for 100 minutes to 8 hours;
(3) the maximum reaching temperature is 525° C. to 620° C. and the copper alloy is held in a temperature range from 575° C. to 525° C. for 15 minutes or longer; or
(4) the copper alloy is cooled in a temperature range from 575° C. to 525° C. at an average cooling rate of 0.1° C./min to 3° C./min, and
subsequently, the copper alloy is cooled in a temperature range from 450° C. to 400° C. at an average cooling rate of 3° C./min to 500° C./min,
the manufactured free-cutting copper alloy comprises:
75.4 mass % to 78.0 mass % of Cu;
3.05 mass % to 3.55 mass % of Si;
0.05 mass % to 0.13 mass % of P;
0.005 mass % to 0.070 mass % of Pb; and
a balance including Zn and inevitable impurities,
a total amount of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr as the inevitable impurities is lower than 0.08 mass %,
a content of Sn present as inevitable impurity is 0.05 mass % or lower,
a content of Al present as inevitable impurity is 0.05 mass % or lower,
a total content of Sn and Al present as inevitable impurity is 0.06 mass % or lower,
when a Cu content is represented by [Cu] mass %, a Si content is represented by [Si] mass %, a Pb content is represented by [Pb] mass %, and a P content is represented by [P] mass %, the relations of
78.0≤ f 1=[Cu]+0.8×[Si]+[P]+[Pb]≤80.8 and
60.2≤ f 2=[Cu]−4.7×[Si]−[P]+0.5×[Pb]≤61.5
are satisfied,
in constituent phases of metallographic structure, when an area ratio of α phase is represented by (α)%, an area ratio of β phase is represented by (β)%, an area ratio of γ phase is represented by (γ)%, an area ratio of κ phase is represented by (κ)%, and an area ratio of μ phase is represented by (μ)%, the relations of
29≤(κ)≤60,
0≤(γ)≤0.3,
(β)=0,
0≤(μ)≤1.0,
98.6≤ f 3=(α)+(κ),
99.7≤ f 4=(α)+(κ)+(γ)+(μ),
0≤ f 5=(γ)+(μ)≤1.2, and
30≤ f 6=(κ)+6×(γ) 1/2 +0.5×(μ)≤62
are satisfied,
the length of the long side of γ phase is 25 μm or less,
the length of the long side of μ phase is 20 μm or less, and
acicular κ phase is present in α phase,
wherein the acicular κ phase is present in α phase in an amount such that when micrographs of arbitrarily selected five visual fields of a cross-section of the copper alloy are taken at a magnification of 500-fold using a metallographic microscope, and the micrograph of each of the visual fields is presented as an image of dimensions of 70 mm in length and 90 mm in width for a visual field size of 220 μm in length and 276 μm in width, an average number of the acicular κ phases counted in the images of the five visual fields is 20 or more.
2. The method of manufacturing a free-cutting copper alloy according to claim 1 ,
wherein the manufactured free-cutting copper alloy further comprises:
one or more element(s) selected from the group consisting of 0.01 mass % to 0.07 mass % of Sb, 0.02 mass % to 0.07 mass % of As, and 0.005 mass % to 0.10 mass % of Bi.
3. A method of manufacturing a free-cutting copper alloy, the method comprising:
a hot working step,
wherein the material's temperature during hot working is 600° C. to 740° C., and
in the process of cooling after hot working, the material is cooled in a temperature range from 575° C. to 525° C. at an average cooling rate of 0.1° C./min to 3° C./min and subsequently is cooled in a temperature range from 450° C. to 400° C. at an average cooling rate of 3° C./min to 500° C./min,
the manufactured free-cutting copper alloy comprises:
75.4 mass % to 78.0 mass % of Cu;
3.05 mass % to 3.55 mass % of Si;
0.05 mass % to 0.13 mass % of P;
0.005 mass % to 0.070 mass % of Pb; and
a balance including Zn and inevitable impurities,
a total amount of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr as the inevitable impurities is lower than 0.08 mass %,
a content of Sn present as inevitable impurity is 0.05 mass % or lower,
a content of Al present as inevitable impurity is 0.05 mass % or lower,
a total content of Sn and Al present as inevitable impurity is 0.06 mass % or lower,
when a Cu content is represented by [Cu] mass %, a Si content is represented by [Si] mass %, a Pb content is represented by [Pb] mass %, and a P content is represented by [P] mass %, the relations of
78.0≤ f 1=[Cu]+0.8×[Si]+[P]+[Pb]≤80.8 and
60.2≤ f 2=[Cu]−4.7×[Si]−[P]+0.5×[Pb]≤61.5
are satisfied,
in constituent phases of metallographic structure, when an area ratio of a phase is represented by (α)%, an area ratio of β phase is represented by (β)%, an area ratio of γ phase is represented by (γ)%, an area ratio of κ phase is represented by (κ)%, and an area ratio of μ phase is represented by (μ)%, the relations of
29≤(κ)≤60,
0≤(γ)≤0.3,
(β)=0,
0≤(μ)≤1.0,
98.6≤ f 3=(α)+(κ),
99.7≤ f 4=(α)+(κ)+(γ)+(μ),
0≤ f 5=(γ)+(μ)≤1.2, and
30≤ f 6=(κ)+6×(γ) 1/2 +0.5×(μ)≤62
are satisfied,
the length of the long side of γ phase is 25 μm or less,
the length of the long side of μ phase is 20 μm or less, and
acicular κ phase is present in α phase,
wherein the acicular κ phase is present in α phase in an amount such that when micrographs of arbitrarily selected five visual fields of a cross-section of the copper alloy are taken at a magnification of 500-fold using a metallographic microscope, and the micrograph of each of the visual fields is presented as an image of dimensions of 70 mm in length and 90 mm in width for a visual field size of 220 μm in length and 276 μm in width, an average number of the acicular κ phases counted in the images of the five visual fields is 20 or more.
4. The method of manufacturing a free-cutting copper alloy according to claim 3 ,
wherein the manufactured free-cutting copper alloy further comprises:
one or more element(s) selected from the group consisting of 0.01 mass % to 0.07 mass % of Sb, 0.02 mass % to 0.07 mass % of As, and 0.005 mass % to 0.10 mass % of Bi.