Multi-portal surgical systems

1. A multi-portal method for treating a subject's spine, the method comprising:

distracting adjacent vertebrae using a distraction instrument positioned at a first entrance along the subject to enlarge an intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebrae;

delivering an interbody fusion implant into the enlarged intervertebral space; and

expanding the interbody fusion implant positioned directly between vertebral bodies of the adjacent vertebrae while endoscopically viewing, using an endoscopic instrument, positioned at a second entrance along the subject and positioned outside of the intervertebral space:

lateral and vertical expansion of the interbody fusion implant,

vertebral endplates of the adjacent vertebrae contacted by the interbody fusion implant at an implantation site, and

nerve tissue proximate to the implantation site; and

after at least partially expanding the interbody fusion implant,

using the endoscopic instrument positioned at the second entrance and outside of the intervertebral space to endoscopically view:

the implantation site,

the interbody fusion implant, and

one or more nerves to evaluate reduction of nerve compression.

2. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

laterally and vertically expanding the interbody fusion implant using a driver instrument; and

separating the driver instrument from the laterally and vertically expanded interbody fusion implant.

3. The multi-portal method of claim 2 , further comprising:

delivering the interbody fusion implant through a distal portion of the distraction instrument;

expanding the interbody fusion implant while the driver instrument is positioned within the distraction instrument positioned at the first entrance; and

after the interbody fusion implant is in a locked expanded configuration, separating the driver instrument from the interbody fusion implant.

4. The multi-portal method of claim 2 , further comprising:

incising the subject's tissue to form the first and second entrances, wherein the first and second entrances are positioned on the same side of the subject's midsagittal plane.

5. The multi-portal method of claim 2 , further comprising:

incising the subject's tissue to form the first and second entrances, wherein the first and second entrances are positioned on opposite sides of the subject's midsagittal plane.

6. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

sequentially expanding the interbody fusion implant laterally and vertically using a driver instrument positioned at the first entrance.

7. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , wherein expanding the interbody fusion implant includes

horizontally expanding the interbody fusion implant, and

after horizontally expanding the interbody fusion implant, vertically expanding the interbody fusion implant to provide disc height restoration.

8. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising confirming a position of the expanded interbody fusion implant based on the endoscope viewing.

9. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

obtaining image data of the interbody fusion implant using the endoscopic instrument; and

analyzing the image data to determine whether the interbody fusion implant is mispositioned.

10. The multi-portal method of claim 9 , further comprising:

in response to determining that the expanded interbody fusion implant is mispositioned, notifying a user of the mispositioning.

11. The multi-portal method of claim 9 , further comprising:

presenting information for viewing by a user based on the analysis of the image data, wherein the presented information includes at least one of information for repositioning the interbody fusion implant or information for collapsing the interbody fusion implant.

12. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

positioning a first port at the first entrance;

delivering the distraction instrument through the first port to move a distal end of the distraction instrument toward the intervertebral space; and

expanding the distal end of the distraction instrument to push apart the adjacent vertebrae.

13. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

positioning at least one stop of the distraction instrument adjacent to at least one of the adjacent vertebrae;

inserting an expander into the intervertebral space while the at least one stop is positioned to contact a vertebral body of the at least one of the adjacent vertebrae; and

deploying the expander such that the expander pushes against endplates of the adjacent vertebrae, thereby enlarging the intervertebral space.

14. The multi-portal method of claim 13 , wherein the expander includes at least one or more inflatable heads or one or more wedging devices.

15. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

delivering the interbody fusion implant in a collapsed configuration through a lumen of the distraction instrument and into the enlarged intervertebral space; and

after viewing, via the endoscopic instrument, the interbody fusion implant in the intervertebral space, causing the interbody fusion implant to move from the collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration.

16. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising performing a discectomy between the adjacent vertebrae prior to expanding the interbody fusion implant.

17. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

obtaining a first image of an implantation site using the endoscopic instrument;

obtaining a second image of the implantation site using the endoscopic instrument after delivery of the interbody fusion implant into the enlarged intervertebral space; and

determining whether the expanded interbody fusion implant is located at a deployment position based on a position of the expanded interbody fusion implant shown in the second image.

18. The multi-portal method of claim 17 , further comprising:

comparing the first image and the second image; and

determining the position of the expanded interbody fusion implant based on the comparison.

19. The multi-portal method of claim 17 , further comprising displaying, via an electronic screen, the first image and the second image.

20. The multi-portal method of claim 1 , further comprising:

obtaining one or more images of the subject's spine using the endoscopic instrument; and

determining implantation information about the interbody fusion implant based on the one or more images, wherein the implantation information includes at least one of

recommended interbody fusion implant,

expansion setting for the interbody fusion implant, or

recommended implantation position for the interbody fusion implant.

21. A multi-portal method for treating a subject's spine, comprising:

positioning an endoscopic instrument at a visualization entrance along the subject such that the endoscopic instrument is spaced apart from an intervertebral space so that a field of view of the endoscopic instrument includes the intervertebral space and nerve tissue proximate to the intervertebral space;

distracting adjacent vertebral endplates using a distraction instrument positioned at an instrument entrance along the subject to enlarge the intervertebral space, wherein the instrument entrance is spaced apart from the visualization entrance;

delivering an interbody fusion implant into the enlarged intervertebral space;

expanding the interbody fusion implant against the vertebral endplates; and

using the endoscopic instrument, which is spaced apart from the intervertebral space, to endoscopically view the expanding interbody fusion implant while also endoscopically viewing the vertebral endplates and nerve tissue proximate to the intervertebral space.

22. The multi-portal method of claim 21 , further comprising evaluating implantation of the interbody fusion implant by using the endoscopic instrument to endoscopically view:

the interbody fusion implant and adjacent anatomical features prior to beginning expansion of the interbody fusion implant,

the interbody fusion implant and the adjacent anatomical features during expansion of the interbody fusion implant, and

the interbody fusion implant and adjacent anatomical features after completing expansion of the interbody fusion implant.

23. The multi-portal method of claim 21 , further comprising endoscopically viewing, using the endoscopic instrument, an interface between a driver instrument coupled to the interbody fusion implant while the driver instrument mechanically expands the interbody fusion implant to a locked expanded configuration.

24. The multi-portal method of claim 21 , further comprising endoscopically viewing, using the endoscopic instrument, one or more nerve roots and opposing side regions of the intervertebral space.