Apparatus and methods for irradiating organ perfusates
Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for irradiating a perfusate. The apparatus includes a tank which defines a first chamber. A separator is located inside the first chamber. The separator defines a second chamber. The first chamber and the second chamber are concentric and have substantially annular cross sections, each having at least one diameter and a substantially common longitudinal axis. A perfusate is introduced into the first chamber by an inlet. A UV radiation-emitting device is disposed inside the second chamber for providing irradiation to the perfusate. Irradiated perfusate is removed from the tank by an outlet. Other apparatuses and systems are described and methods for inactivating micro organisms by performing EVP and irradiating the perfusate.
1. A method for inactivating microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, in a donor organ, the method comprising:
a. performing ex vivo perfusion (EVP) on the donor organ using a perfusion solution to produce a perfusate;
b. exchanging the perfusate or a portion thereof with additional perfusion solution; and
c. performing EVP on the donor organ for a subsequent period and, during the subsequent period, irradiating the perfusate with light therapy by flowing the perfusate through an irradiator at 0.1 to 3 liters per minute.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfusate is irradiated with UVC light irradiation.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the perfusion solution comprises a photoactivator such as methylene blue and/or wherein the method comprises introducing such photoactivator into the perfusate solution prior to or during irradiating the perfusate with visible light, or optionally red light.
4. The method claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a virus optionally one or more of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, Hepatitis B virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus; or is a bacteria optionally one or more of staphylococcal bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; and pseudomonad bacteria, such as Psuedomonas aeruginosa.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EVP is performed for at least or about 2 hours.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfusate is irradiated for at least 1 hour.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor organ is known to be infected and the method is for decontaminating the donor organ prior transplantation.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor organ is a lung, kidney, heart or liver and/or the perfusion solution is for perfusing heart, kidney or liver.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfusate or portion thereof is changed at most about every hour.
10. A method for rescuing donor organs comprising:
a. perfusing a donor organ obtained from an individual suffering from an infection with a perfusion solution in an ex-vivo system for a first period of time, where said infection would have disqualified said organ for use in transplantation, and where said period of time is determined on the basis that the individual was not infected to produce a perfusate;
b. exchanging the perfusate or a portion thereof with additional perfusion solution;
c. irradiating said perfusate for a second period of time, applied concurrently with the perfusion of said organ, wherein said second period of time being no greater than 9 hours; and
d. transplanting said organ into a recipient other than the individual suffering from the infection.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the perfusate is irradiated for at least 2 hours.
12. A method of transplanting an organ, the method comprising perfusing an infected organ from a donor with a perfusion solution by ex vivo perfusion (EVP) to provide a perfusate;
exchanging the perfusate or a portion thereof with additional perfusion solution;
irradiating the perfusate with a light therapy selected from UVC or PDT for at least 2 hours by flowing the perfusate through an irradiator at 0.1 to 3 liters per minute;
transplanting the perfused and light therapy treated organ into a subject other than the donor.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises using an irradiation apparatus to irradiate the perfusate, the irradiation apparatus comprising:
a lower unit;
an upper unit pivotally mounted on the lower unit such that the upper unit is moveable with respect to the lower unit to open and close the apparatus;
at least one radiation source mounted on one of the lower and upper units;
wherein the upper and lower units define a chamber for receiving a receptacle, and wherein each of the side panels of the lower unit defines a groove adapted to support a body portion of the receptacle 1 .
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the at least one radiation source comprises an ultraviolet lamp, optionally wherein the ultraviolet lamp comprises one of: ultraviolet-A lamp, ultraviolet-B and ultraviolet-C.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfusate is irradiated by an irradiation system comprising:
an irradiation apparatus and a receptacle;
the irradiation apparatus comprising a lower unit and an upper unit pivotally mounted on the lower unit such that the upper unit is moveable with respect to the lower unit to open and close the apparatus;
at least one radiation source mounted on one of the lower and upper units;
wherein the upper and lower units define a chamber for receiving a receptacle and a side panel of the lower unit defines a groove adapted to support a body portion of the receptacle;
the receptacle comprising an inlet by which a solution can be introduced into the receptacle; and an outlet by the solution can be removed therefrom, wherein gripping means are machined at ends of the inlet and outlet for providing a snuggly fit when the receptacle is connected to external tubes.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the at least one radiation source comprises an ultraviolet lamp, optionally wherein the ultraviolet lamp comprises one of: ultraviolet-A lamp, ultraviolet-B and ultraviolet-C.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising safety sensors for detecting when the upper unit is in close contact with the lower unit, such that the sensors detect when the apparatus is open and/or closed and for preventing the apparatus from being inadvertently activated while the apparatus is open.
18. The method of claim 2 , wherein the irradiator comprises at least one UVC lamp that produces 13 mW/cm{circumflex over ( )}2 to 49 mW/cm{circumflex over ( )}2 of UVC light.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the irradiator comprises at least one UVC lamp that produces 13 mW/cm{circumflex over ( )}2 to 49 mW/cm{circumflex over ( )}2 of UVC light.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein irradiating said perfusate for a second period of time comprises flowing the perfusate through an irradiator at 0.1 to 3 liters per minute.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature inside the irradiator while irradiating the perfusate is 30 degrees Celsius to 44 degrees Celsius.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfusate is irradiated with light therapy at normothermic temperature for at least two hours.