Magnetic multilayer pigment flake and coating composition
The present invention provides a magnetic multilayer pigment flake and a magnetic coating composition that are relatively safe for human health and the environment. The pigment flake includes one or more magnetic layers of a magnetic alloy and one or more dielectric layers of a dielectric material. The magnetic alloy is an iron-chromium alloy or an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, having a substantially nickel-free composition. The coating composition includes a plurality of the pigment flakes disposed in a binder medium.
1. A method for making a multilayer pigment flake comprising:
forming on a substrate a layer stack including two or more semi-transparent absorber layers of a ferromagnetic alloy, two or more dielectric layers, and one or more opaque reflecting layers of the ferromagnetic alloy;
stripping the layer stack from the substrate; and
grinding the layer stack to form a plurality of multilayer pigment flakes; and
wherein the ferromagnetic alloy is a nickel-free composition, and consists essentially of about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium, about 0 wt. % to about 18 wt. % aluminum, and a balance of iron.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
utilizing the plurality of multilayer pigment flakes as preflakes; and
sequentially depositing additional component layers on the preflakes to form a plurality of pigment flakes.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer stack was formed using evaporation in vacuum.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a polyester substrate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more dielectric layers have different optical thicknesses.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layer stack is formed by a deposition technique chosen from physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or electrolytic deposition.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer pigment flakes have an average particle size of about 20 μm.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the multilayer pigment flakes are combined with a hinder medium to form a coating composition.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising printing the coating composition onto at least one of currency, security documents, and product packagings.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising curing the binder medium by a process chosen from evaporation, heating, or exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the binder medium includes an additive chosen from an organic solvent, water, or a cure retarder.
12. The method of claim 8 , further comprising printing the coating composition onto a paper substrate.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising heating the coating composition with microwave radiation.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising exposing the coating composition to a magnetic field to align the multilayer pigment flakes.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising forming an optical-effect image.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the aligned multilayer pigment flakes exhibit angle-dependent color travel.