Nanolaminate coatings
This disclosure includes coatings for increasing the physical and/or chemical properties of articles, for example, tubular metal articles such as those found in the oil and gas industry, as well as processes for making such coatings and articles comprising such coatings.
1. A method comprising:
providing a tubular article comprising a wall having a substantially cylindrical shape, an interior surface, and an exterior surface; and
forming a coated tubular article by applying an electrodeposited multilayered coating to at least a portion of a surface of the tubular article, the electrodeposited multilayered coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers comprising a first alloy comprising (i) nickel in a concentration of at least 50%, by weight, and (ii) cobalt; and
second layers comprising a second alloy comprising (i) nickel, and (ii) cobalt in a concentration ranging from 5% to 35%, by weight, the second alloy being different than the first alloy.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises third layers that are different than the first layers and the second layers.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the first layers, the second layers, or both comprises two or more elements selected independently from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Be, C, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sb, Si, Sn, Pb, Ta, Ti, W, V, Zn, and Zr.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the first layers, the second layers, or both comprises Mo, W, or both.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first layers and each of said second layers independently have a thickness ranging from about 5 nm to about 250 nm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayered coating has a thickness ranging from 1 micron to 5 cm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a burst pressure and a collapse pressure of the coated tubular article are increased at least 5% relative to the tubular article or a substantially identical article having the same overall dimensions and composition but uncoated.
8. A coated tubular article comprising:
a wall having a substantially cylindrical shape, an interior surface, and an exterior surface; and
an electrodeposited multilayered coating on the interior surface or the exterior surface, the electrodeposited multilayered coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers comprising a first alloy comprising (i) nickel in a concentration of at least 50%, by weight, and (ii) cobalt; and
second layers comprising a second alloy comprising (i) nickel, and (ii) cobalt in a concentration ranging from 5% to 35%, by weight, the second alloy being different than the first alloy.
9. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises third layers that are different than the first layers and the second layers.
10. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the first layers each have a thickness selected independently from about 5 nm to about 250 nm.
11. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the second layers each have a thickness selected independently from about 5 nm to about 250 nm.
12. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein one or more of the first layers or the second layers comprises one or more elements selected independently for each layer from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Be, C, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sb, Si, Sn, Pb, Ta, Ti, W, V, Zn, and Zr.
13. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein one or more of the first layers, the second layers, or both comprises Mo, W, or both.
14. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayer coating has a thickness ranging from 1 micron to 5 cm.
15. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayered coating has a thickness ranging from 1 micron to 50 microns.
16. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayered coating is structurally modulated.
17. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein a thickness of the electrodeposited multilayered coating is less than about 25% of a thickness of the wall.
18. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the wall comprises a steel alloy.
19. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the wall is a metal.
20. The coated tubular article of claim 8 , wherein the coated tubular article has a burst pressure and a collapse pressure that is at least 5% greater than the collapse pressure and burst pressure of an uncoated tubular article having substantially the same composition and dimensions in the absence of the electrodeposited multilayered coating on its interior or exterior surface.