System and method for generation of point of use reactive oxygen species
Systems and methods for generating reactive oxygen species formulations useful in various oxidation applications. Exemplary formulations include singlet oxygen or superoxide and can also contain hydroxyl radicals or hydroperoxy radicals, among others. Formulations can contain other reactive species, including other radicals. Exemplary formulations containing peracids are activated to generate singlet oxygen. Exemplary formulations include those containing a mixture of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Exemplary formulations include those in which one or more components of the formulation are generated electrochemically. Formulations of the invention containing reactive oxygen species can be further activated to generate reactive oxygen species using activation chosen from a Fenton or Fenton-like catalyst, ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation or thermal activation. Exemplary applications of the formulations of the invention among others include: cleaning in place applications, water treatment, soil decontamination and flushing of well casings and water distribution pipes.
1. A superoxide-containing product providing reactive oxygen species for oxidative treatment at a point of use, the superoxide-containing product comprising:
a non-equilibrium superoxide formulation at a pH in a range of pH 11 to pH 13 and comprising an electrochemically co-generated mixture of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at a molar ratio of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide in a range of from 0.5:1 to 10:1;
a holding tank containing the superoxide formulation, wherein the holding tank is not a part of an electrochemical reactor; and
the superoxide formulation being sufficiently stable in the holding tank for a time period of at least 1.5 hours for distribution from the holding tank to a point of use.
2. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 wherein the pH is 12-13.
3. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide is at least 1:1.
4. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide is at least 1.5:1.
5. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 , comprising the superoxide at a concentration of at least 3000 mg/L.
6. The superoxide formulation of claim 5 , comprising the hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of at least 2000 mg/L.
7. The superoxide formulation of claim 6 , wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is up to 5000 mg/L.
8. The superoxide formulation of claim 6 , wherein the concentration of the superoxide is at least 3400 mg/L.
9. The superoxide formulation of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of the superoxide is up to 8200 mg/L.
10. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 , wherein the superoxide formulation in the holding tank is in the absence of an applied electrical voltage or current.
11. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 , wherein the superoxide formulation exhibits a decrease in pH over the time period.
12. The superoxide formulation of claim 1 , wherein:
the molar ratio of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide is in a range of from 1:1 to 10:1;
a concentration of the superoxide is at least 3000 mg/L; and
the superoxide formulation in the holding tank is in the absence of an applied electrical voltage or current.
13. The superoxide formulation of claim 12 , wherein the pH is in a range of from pH 12 to pH 13.
14. The superoxide formulation of claim 13 , wherein the superoxide formulation exhibits a decrease in pH over the time period.
15. The superoxide formulation of claim 12 , wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is in a range of from 2000 mg/L to 5000 mg/L.
16. The superoxide formulation of claim 15 , wherein the pH is in a range of pH 12 to pH 13.
17. The superoxide formulation of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of the superoxide is up to 8200 mg/L.