Lenses, devices, methods and systems for refractive error
The present disclosure is directed to lenses, devices, methods and/or systems for addressing refractive error. Certain embodiments are directed to changing or controlling the wavefront of the light entering a human eye. The lenses, devices, methods and/or systems can be used for correcting, addressing, mitigating or treating refractive errors and provide excellent vision at distances encompassing far to near without significant ghosting. The refractive error may for example arise from myopia, hyperopia, or presbyopia with or without astigmatism. Certain disclosed embodiments of lenses, devices and/or methods include embodiments that address foveal and/or peripheral vision. Exemplary of lenses in the fields of certain embodiments include contact lenses, corneal onlays, corneal inlays, and lenses for intraocular devices both anterior and posterior chamber, accommodating intraocular lenses, electro-active spectacle lenses and/or refractive surgery.
1. A lens for an eye comprising:
an optical axis;
an optic zone; and
a power profile associated with the optical axis; wherein the power profile has a transition between a maxima and a minima, and the maxima is within 0.2 mm of the centre of the optic zone and the minima is less than or equal to 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 or 1 mm distance from the maxima;
wherein the amplitude of the transition between the maxima and the minima is at least 2.5D, 4D, 5D, or 6D, and
wherein the power profile has the following characteristics across half-chord diameters:
(i) a moving average that either increases with diameter and then decreases, or decreases with diameter and then increases, wherein the moving average is calculated over a window of 1 mm from on-axis to about 4 mm, and the average value is calculated across the range of on-axis to 1 mm, and recalculated at intervals selected from the group of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm or 0.6 mm;
(ii) transitions between local minima and maxima within a 1 mm change of radius at least 4 times across a 4 mm of the half-chord or transitions at least 6 times across a 4 mm of the half-chord or transitions at least 8 times across the 4 mm radius range or at least 12 times across the 4 mm radius range or at least 15 times; and/or
(iii) transitions smoothly out to a radius selected from the group of at least 3 mm, at least 3.5 mm and at least 4 mm.
2. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the power profile comprises the following characteristics: the refractive power on-axis power differs from a prescription power by at least about 0.7D or by at least about 1.5 D.
3. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the power profile comprises the following characteristics: the difference between a global maximum and global minimum power is between approximately 1.5 to 2.5 times the difference between any adjacent local minimum and local maximum within a radius of about 2.5 mm.
4. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the power profile provides a retinal image quality (RIQ) that degrades in the direction of eye growth for on-axis vision.
5. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the power profile provides a retinal image quality (RIQ) that improves in the direction of eye growth.
6. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the transition between the maxima and the minima is one or more of the following: continuous, discontinuous, monotonic and non-monotonic.
7. The lens of claim 1 ,
wherein the lens further comprises an aberration profile with three or more higher order aberrations; and
wherein the aberration profile provides:
a focal distance for a C(2,0) Zernike coefficient term; and
a peak visual Strehl Ratio (‘first visual Strehl Ratio’) within a through focus range, and a visual Strehl Ratio that remains at or above a second visual Strehl Ratio over the through focus range that includes said focal distance, wherein the visual Strehl Ratio is measured by testing the lens on an eye model measured for a model eye with no, or substantially no, aberration and is measured along the optical axis for at least one pupil diameter in the range 3 mm to 5 mm, over a spatial frequency range of 0 to 30 cycles/degree inclusive, at a wavelength selected from within the range 540 nm to 590 nm inclusive, and wherein the first visual Strehl Ratio is at least 0.35, the second visual Strehl Ratio is at least 0.1 and the through focus range is at least 1.8 Dioptres, wherein the model eye used to evaluate the performance is Escudero-Navarro model eye with modifications to the lenticular surfaces to make it substantially aberration-free.
8. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the aberration profile comprises at least four spherical aberration terms selected from the group C(4,0) to C(20,0).
9. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the aberration profile comprises at least five spherical aberration terms selected from the group C(4,0) to C(20,0).
10. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the aberration profile comprises at least six spherical aberration terms selected from the group C(4,0) to C(20,0).
11. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the aberration profile comprises at least seven spherical aberration terms selected from the group C(4,0) to C(20,0).