Method for producing nanoparticles and the nanoparticles produced therefrom
Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing a container containing a metal and/or ferromagnetic solid and abrasive particles in a static magnetic field; where the container is surrounded by an induction coil; activating the induction coil with an electrical current, to heat up the metallic or ferromagnetic solid to form a fluid; generating sonic energy to produce acoustic cavitation and abrasion between the abrasive particles and the container; and producing nanoparticles that comprise elements from the container, the metal and/or the ferromagnetic solid and the abrasive particles. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising first metal or a first ceramic; and particles comprising carbides and/or nitrides dispersed therein. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising nanoparticles comprising chromium carbide, iron carbide, nickel carbide, γ-Fe and magnesium nitride.
1. An article comprising:
a crucible having an interior side comprising a crucible material, said interior side having a surface that is at least partially degraded; and
a composition disposed within the crucible, the composition comprising:
a conductive material;
a plurality of first abrasive particles comprising an abrasive particle material; and
a plurality of second particles comprising: one or more carbide particles comprising the crucible material and the abrasive particle material; and one or more alloy particles comprising a reaction product of the conductive material and the crucible material.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the crucible material is a metal or alloy of one or more of: transition metals; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; lanthanides; actinides;
poor metals; or any combination thereof.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the crucible material comprises a metal or alloy of one or more of: nickel; cobalt; chromium; aluminum; gold; platinum; iron; silver; tin; antimony; titanium; tantalum; vanadium; hafnium; palladium; cadmium; zinc; or any combination thereof.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the crucible material comprises iron.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the crucible material comprises stainless steel.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the crucible material comprises iron, chromium, nickel, or any combination thereof.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material comprises a metallic material, a ferromagnetic material, or any combination thereof.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material has a melting point temperature that is lower than a melting point temperature of the crucible material.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material is a solid at room temperature.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material comprises:
magnesium; tin; lead; antimony; manganese; chromium; mercury; cadmium; silver; zinc;
zirconium; silicon; or any combination thereof.
11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first abrasive particles comprise one or more of: diamonds; cubic boron nitride; steel abrasive; emery; silicon carbide; aluminum oxide; and any combination thereof.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first abrasive particles comprise one or more carbonaceous particles.
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the carbonaceous particles are selected from: carbon black; carbon nanotubes; carbon fibers; graphite flakes or lumps; crystalline flake graphite; amorphous graphite; vein graphite; and any combination thereof.
14. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first abrasive particles have an average particle size of 1 nanometer to 10 micrometers.
15. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second particles have an average particle size of from 1 nanometer to 1000 nanometers.
16. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of second particles have an average particle size of from 1 micrometer to 1000 micrometers.
17. The article of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a plurality of third non-abrasive particles that contain carbon.
18. The article of claim 17 , wherein the third non-abrasive particles are selected from: iron carbides; silicon carbides; tungsten carbides; and any combination thereof.
19. The article of claim 1 , wherein the one or more carbide particles comprise: chromium carbide (Cr 7 C 3 ); iron carbide (Fe 3 C); nickel carbide (Ni 3 C); (FeCr) 3 C; or any combination thereof.
20. The article of claim 1 , wherein the one or more alloy particles comprise magnesium nickel (MgNi 2 ).