Electrodes, electrochemical cells, and methods of forming electrodes and electrochemical cells
Electrodes and methods of forming electrodes are described herein. The electrode can be an electrode of an electrochemical cell or battery. The electrode includes a current collector and a film in electrical communication with the current collector. The film may include a carbon phase that holds the film together. The electrode further includes an electrode attachment substance that adheres the film to the current collector.
1. An electrochemical cell comprising:
an electrode film;
a separator; and
a cell attachment substance that adheres the electrode film to the separator, wherein the electrode film comprises porosity and at least about 60 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance, the electrode film comprises an active material film, and a carbon phase holds the active material film together.
2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell attachment substance comprises polyamideimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene, or polypropylene.
3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell attachment substance is configured to allow ions to pass therethrough.
4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell attachment substance comprises porosity.
5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the separator has a higher melting temperature than the cell attachment substance.
6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the separator comprises porosity.
7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the porosity comprises about 1 to about 70 percent by volume of the film.
8. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein at least about 70 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
9. The electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein at least about 80 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
10. The electrochemical cell of claim 9 , wherein at least about 90 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
11. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the film comprises surfaces that are substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
12. An electrochemical cell comprising:
an electrode film;
a separator; and
a cell attachment substance that adheres the electrode film to the separator, wherein:
the electrode film comprises porosity and at least about 60 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance;
the electrode film comprises an active material film and a carbon phase holds the active material film together; and
the active material film comprises silicon particles distributed within the carbon phase.
13. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the cell attachment substance comprises polyamideimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene, or polypropylene.
14. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the cell attachment substance is configured to allow ions to pass therethrough.
15. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the cell attachment substance comprises porosity.
16. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the separator has a higher melting temperature than the cell attachment substance.
17. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the separator comprises porosity.
18. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the porosity comprises about 1 to about 70 percent by volume of the film.
19. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein at least about 70 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
20. The electrochemical cell of claim 19 , wherein at least about 80 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
21. The electrochemical cell of claim 20 , wherein at least about 90 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
22. The electrochemical cell of claim 21 , wherein the film comprises surfaces that are substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
23. An electrochemical cell comprising:
an electrode film;
a separator; and
a cell attachment substance that adheres the electrode film to the separator, wherein:
the electrode film comprises porosity and at least about 60 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance;
the electrode film comprises an active material film and a carbon phase holds the active material film together;
the active material film comprises silicon particles distributed within the carbon phase; and
the carbon phase comprises hard carbon.
24. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the cell attachment substance comprises polyamideimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene, or polypropylene.
25. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the cell attachment substance is configured to allow ions to pass therethrough.
26. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the cell attachment substance comprises porosity.
27. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the separator has a higher melting temperature than the cell attachment substance.
28. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the separator comprises porosity.
29. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the porosity comprises about 1 to about 70 percent by volume of the film.
30. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein at least about 70 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
31. The electrochemical cell of claim 30 , wherein at least about 80 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
32. The electrochemical cell of claim 30 , wherein at least about 90 percent of the porosity is substantially free of the cell attachment substance.
33. The electrochemical cell of claim 23 , wherein the film comprises surfaces that are substantially free of the cell attachment substance.