Sensors and sensor arrays for detection of analytes
Methods, apparatus and compositions are described for the measurement of metal and/or metalloid elements, including selenium in samples. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a sensor and/or array of sensors to measure metal and/or metalloid analytes, e.g., sensor and/or array of sensors having a chelator molecule, the chelator molecule including a peptide.
1. A method for measuring a metal and/or metalloid element in a sample, the method comprising: combining a sample containing the metal and/or metalloid element and a sensor or array of sensors, the sensor or array of sensors comprising a chelator molecule and a solid support and being capable of concentrating the metal and/or metalloid element from the sample and, measuring the sample of metal and/or metalloid element on the sensor or array of sensors;
wherein the chelator molecule comprises a peptide, the peptide having a general formula of:
F 1 CZ 1 Z 2 CZ 3 Z 4 Z 5 CF 2
wherein:
F 1 and F 2 are each independently a phenylalanine derivative having the structure:
wherein X is a halogen;
C is a cysteine amino acid; and
Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , and Z 5 are each independently an amino acid; or
wherein the chelator molecule comprises a peptide, the peptide having a general formula of:
Y 1 CRX 1 SC
wherein:
C is the amino acid cystine;
R is the amino acid arginine;
S is the amino acid serine;
X 1 is the amino acid Q or T;
Y 1 is a tyrosine derivative having the structure:
and
Y and Z are a halogen or one of Y and Z is a halogen and one of Y and Z is hydrogen.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal and/or metalloid element is selenium.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring is an elemental analysis, optionally selected from x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the elemental analysis is x-ray fluorescence.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises effluent from a mine, power plant, or agricultural runoff or refinery.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chelator molecule comprises a peptide, the peptide having a general formula of:
F 1 CZ 1 Z 2 CZ 3 Z 4 Z 5 CF 2
wherein:
F 1 and F 2 are each independently a phenylalanine derivative having the structure:
wherein X is a halogen;
C is a cysteine amino acid: and
Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , and Z 5 are each independently an amino acid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein F 1 is 4-iodophenylalanine (F4I).
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein F 2 is 4-bromophenylalanine (F4Br).
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chelator molecule comprises a peptide, the peptide having a general formula of:
Y 1 CRX 1 SC
wherein:
C is the amino acid cystine;
R is the amino acid arginine;
S is the amino acid serine;
X 1 is the amino acid Q or T;
Y 1 is a tyrosine derivative having the structure:
and
Y and Z are a halogen or one of Y and Z is a halogen and one of Y and Z is hydrogen.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein Y 1 is 3,5-dibromotyrosine (YBr) or mono-iodo-tyrosine (Yml).
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the peptide comprises one or more of YBrCRTSC (SEQ ID NO: 10), YBrCRQSC (SEQ ID NO: 11), YmICRTSC (SEQ ID NO: 13), and YmICRQSC (SEQ ID NO: 14).
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the peptide comprises a sequence selected from YBrCRTSC (SEQ ID NO: 10), YBrCRQSC (SEQ ID NO: 11), and YmICRTSC (SEQ ID NO: 13), YmICRQSC (SEQ ID NO: 14), or variants thereof, wherein: YBr is 3,5-dibromotyrosine, and Yml is mono-iodo tyrosine.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the solid support is a resin comprising PEG n -polystyrene, wherein n is 1-10.