Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
Described herein are electrodeposited corrosion-resistant multilayer coating and claddings that comprises multiple nanoscale layers that periodically vary in electrodeposited species or electrodeposited microstructures. The coatings may comprise electrodeposited metals, ceramics, polymers or combinations thereof. Also described herein are methods for preparation of the coatings and claddings.
1. A method comprising:
forming a coating on a substrate or mandrel, the coating having a thickness from 5 microns to 50 microns and comprising a series of layers arranged in a repeating pattern, each layer of the series of layers having a thickness from about 5 nanometers to about 1,000 nanometers, the series of layers comprising:
A) a first layer of a first alloy that is less noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the first alloy comprising:
i) a first metal in a first concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %, the first metal selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn; and
ii) a second metal in a second concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
B) a second layer of a second alloy that is less noble than the first alloy and less noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the second alloy comprising:
i) the first metal in a third concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) the second metal in a fourth concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first metal is Ni or Zn.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each layer of the series of layers is discrete.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a diffuse interface between each layer of the series of layers.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second metal is selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn, the second metal being different than the first metal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the series of layers further comprises a third layer.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming a cladding by removing the coating from the mandrel.
8. A method comprising:
forming a coating on a substrate or mandrel, the coating having a thickness from 5 microns to 50 microns and comprising a series of layers arranged in a repeating pattern, each layer of the series of layers having a thickness from about 5 nanometers to about 1,000 nanometers, the series of layers comprising:
A) a first layer of a first alloy that is more noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the first alloy comprising:
i) Co in a first concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) Ni in a second concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
B) a second layer of a second alloy that is more noble than the first alloy and more noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the second alloy comprising:
i) Co in a third concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) Ni in a fourth concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
C) a third metal layer of a third alloy that is more noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the third alloy comprising:
i) Co in a fifth concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) Ni in a sixth concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; the first, second, and third alloys being different.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein each layer of the series of layers is discrete.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising a diffuse interface between each layer of the series of layers.
11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising forming a cladding by removing the coating from the mandrel.
12. A method comprising:
forming a coating on a substrate or mandrel, the coating having a thickness from 5 microns to 50 microns and comprising a series of layers arranged in a repeating pattern, each layer of the series of layers having a thickness from about 5 nanometers to about 1,000 nanometers, the series of layers comprising:
A) a first layer of a first alloy that is more noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the first alloy comprising:
i) a first metal in a first concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %, the first metal selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn; and
ii) a second metal; and
B) a second layer of a second alloy that is less noble than the first alloy and less noble than the substrate or the mandrel, the second alloy comprising:
i) the first metal in a second concentration that is at least about 1 wt. %; and
ii) the second metal.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first metal is Ni or Zn.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein each layer of the series of layers is discrete.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein second metal is selected from Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn, the second metal being different than the first metal.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the series of layers further comprises a third layer.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising forming a cladding by removing the coating from the mandrel.