Stabilized sodium chlorite solution and a method of remediating an aqueous system using the solution
A stable aqueous composition of sodium chlorite and a hydrated borate donor having a pH of greater than 9.0 and the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite (reported as NaClO 2 ) to hydrated borate donor (reported as the sum of H 2 O+B 2 O 3 ) is less than 1.5:1 respectfully. A method of remediating an aqueous system using the stable aqueous composition.
1. A method for the remediation of an aqueous system, the method comprising:
converting a composition into an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide using a chlorine dioxide generator, wherein the composition is formed from water, sodium chlorite and a hydrated borate donor, the composition having a pH of greater than 9.0, and the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ) to hydrated borate donor (H 2 O+B 2 O 3 ) is less than 1.5:1 respectfully;
applying the aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide to the aqueous system; and
sustaining a chlorine dioxide concentration to obtain a Ct value sufficient to achieve remediation, wherein the Ct value is calculated by multiplying the average concentration of chlorine dioxide by the time.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising sustaining the concentration of chlorine dioxide using a cyclic process.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising sustaining the chlorine dioxide concentration using UV activation of chlorite.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition in dry form is classified as non-divisional 5.1.
5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite to hydrated borate donor based on the composition is less than 1.25:1.
6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite to hydrated borate donor based on the composition is less than 1:1.
7. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a UV absorbent.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein remediation achieves less than 1 CFU per ml detection using heterotrophic plate count.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein remediation achieves greater than or equal to 3-log reduction of parasite.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the parasite comprises Cryptosporidium.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the parasite comprises Giardia.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the parasite comprises Ameba.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein remediation renders the aqueous system free of algae.
14. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the pH is greater than 10.0.
15. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein the pH is greater than 11.0.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous system comprises recreational water.
17. A method for the remediation of an aqueous system, the method comprising:
applying a composition to the aqueous system, wherein the composition is formed from water, sodium chlorite, and a hydrated borate donor, the composition having a pH of greater than 9.0, and the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ) to hydrated borate donor (H 2 O+B 2 O 3 ) is less than 1.5:1 respectfully;
converting the chlorite into chlorine dioxide using a cyclic process and/or UV activation of chlorite; and
sustaining a chlorine dioxide concentration to obtain a Ct value sufficient to achieve remediation, wherein the Ct value is calculated by multiplying the average concentration of chlorine dioxide by the time.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the composition in dry form is classified as non-divisional 5.1.
19. The composition according to claim 17 , wherein the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite to hydrated borate donor based on the composition is less than 1.25:1.
20. The composition according to claim 17 , wherein the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite to hydrated borate donor based on the composition is less than 1:1.
21. The composition according to claim 17 , further comprising a UV absorbent.
22. The method according to claim 17 , wherein remediation achieves less than 1 CFU per ml detection using heterotrophic plate count.
23. The method according to claim 17 , wherein remediation achieves greater than or equal to 3-log reduction of parasite.
24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the parasite comprises Cryptosporidium.
25. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the parasite comprises Giardia.
26. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the parasite comprises Ameba.
27. The method according to claim 17 , wherein remediation renders the aqueous system free of algae.
28. The composition according to claim 17 , wherein the pH is greater than 10.0.
29. The composition according to claim 28 , wherein the pH is greater than 11.0.
30. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the aqueous system comprises recreational water.
31. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the aqueous systems comprises an aquatic facility.
32. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the aqueous system comprises a cooling system.
33. The method according to claim 32 , wherein remediation reduces legionella bacteria to less than 1 CFU per ml.
34. A stabilized aqueous sodium chlorite composition formed from:
water;
sodium chlorite; and
a hydrated borate donor, wherein the composition having a pH of greater than 9.0, and the weight percent ratio of sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ) to hydrated borate donor (H 2 O+B 2 O 3 ) is less than 1.5:1 respectfully.
35. The stabilized sodium chlorite composition according to claim 34 , further comprising a UV absorbent.
36. The stabilized sodium chlorite composition according to claim 35 , wherein the composition has been dried to be in a solid, dry form.