Optical encoder with direction-dependent optical properties comprising a spindle having an array of surface features defining a concave contour along a first direction and a convex contour along a second direction
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical encoder for an electronic device. The optical encoder includes a spindle and an encoded pattern disposed around a circumference of the spindle. The encoded pattern may include one or more surface features that create a direction-dependent reflective region.
1. A watch comprising:
a touch screen;
a housing at least partially enclosing the touch screen; and
a crown positioned at a side of the housing and comprising:
a dial and configured to receive a rotational input; and
a spindle connected to the dial and configured to rotate in response to the rotational input received by the dial, the spindle having an array of surface features, each surface feature defining:
a concave contour along a first direction, the concave contour configured to reflect a beam of light from an optical emitter toward an optical detector; and
a convex contour along a second direction that is transverse to the first direction, the convex contour configured to spread the beam of light along the second direction.
2. The watch of claim 1 , wherein:
the spindle comprises a polymer material coated with a reflective metalized material; and
the array of surface features are defined along an exterior of the reflective metalized material.
3. The watch of claim 1 , wherein:
the first direction is along a first plane that is perpendicular to a rotational axis of the spindle; and
the second direction is along a second plane that is parallel to the rotational axis of the spindle.
4. The watch of claim 1 , wherein:
the crown further comprises a shaft that is coupled to the dial;
the shaft extends through an opening defined in the housing; and
the spindle is connected to the dial by the shaft.
5. The watch of claim 1 , wherein:
the optical emitter is positioned along a side of the spindle; and
the optical detector is positioned along the side of the spindle and aligned with the optical emitter along a plane that is parallel to a rotational axis of the spindle.
6. The watch of claim 1 , wherein:
the touch screen is configured to display one or more icons; and
the watch is configured to modify a position of the one or more icons in accordance with the rotational input received by the dial of the crown.
7. The watch of claim 6 , wherein the one or more icons are moved at a speed that corresponds to a rotational speed of the rotational input.
8. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing;
a band coupled to the housing and configured to attach the wearable electronic device to a wrist;
a display positioned within the housing; and
a crown configured to receive a rotational input and comprising:
a shaft that extends into the housing; and
a spindle coupled to the shaft and configured to rotate in response to the rotational input, the spindle defining an array of surface features that are configured to:
form a set of reflected light beams that are detected by an optical detector in response to a rotation of the spindle; and
spread the set of reflected light beams along a plane that is parallel with an axis of the spindle.
9. The wearable electronic device of claim 8 , wherein:
the array of surface features define a set of concave profiles that is configured to form the set of reflected light beams; and
the array of surface features define a set of convex profiles that is configured to spread the set of reflected light beams along the plane.
10. The wearable electronic device of claim 9 , wherein:
the set of concave profiles is formed along a first plane that is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the spindle; and
the set of convex profiles is formed along a second plane that is parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle.
11. The wearable electronic device of claim 8 , wherein:
the optical detector is one of an array of optical detectors; and
the array of optical detectors include one or more of: an array of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) elements; or an array of charge-coupled device elements.
12. The wearable electronic device of claim 11 , wherein:
the wearable electronic device further comprises a diffusing member positioned over the array of optical detectors; and
the diffusing member includes an array of elongated lens features that each extend in a direction that is transverse to a length of the spindle.
13. The wearable electronic device of claim 8 , wherein:
the spindle is a molded component; and
the array of surface features are integrally formed into the spindle during a molding process.
14. The wearable electronic device of claim 8 , wherein the shaft and the spindle are integrally formed together as a single piece.
15. An electronic device comprising:
a display;
a housing surrounding the display;
at least one strap configured to attach the electronic device to a user; and
a crown coupled to the housing and comprising:
a spindle configured to rotate in response to a rotational input provided to the crown, the spindle having an array of surface features arranged along an exterior surface of the spindle, each surface feature defining:
a concave contour along a first plane that is transverse to an axis of the spindle, the concave contour configured to direct a beam of light toward an optical detector; and
a convex contour along a second plane that is parallel to the axis of the spindle, the convex contour configured to spread the beam of light along the second plane.
16. The electronic device of claim 15 , wherein the concave contour comprises a substantially flat region positioned between a pair of angled regions.
17. The electronic device of claim 16 , wherein the convex contour comprises an arc-shaped contour.
18. The electronic device of claim 15 , wherein the spindle comprises a reflective metal coating that defines the array of surface features.
19. The electronic device of claim 15 , wherein:
the crown comprises a dial that is positioned at a side of the housing;
the crown comprises a shaft that is coupled to the dial; and
the spindle is coupled to the shaft.
20. The electronic device of claim 15 , wherein a graphical output of the display is modified in accordance with the rotational input provided to the crown.