Wheat with reduced lipoxygenase activity
A series of independent human-induced non-transgenic mutations found at one or more of the Lpx genes of wheat; wheat plants having these mutations in one or more of their Lpx genes; and a method of creating and finding similar and/or additional mutations of Lpx by screening pooled and/or individual wheat plants. The wheat plants disclosed herein exhibit decreased lipoxygenase activity without having the inclusion of foreign nucleic acids in their genomes. Additionally, products produced from the wheat plants disclosed herein display increased oxidative stability and increased shelf life without having the inclusion of foreign nucleic acids in their genomes.
1. A method of making whole grain wheat flour having increased shelf life, said method comprising:
providing wheat grain comprising a Lipoxygenase 1 (Lpx1) gene, wherein the wheat grain comprises a human-induced mutation in the Lpx1 gene of a D genome, said mutation causing reduced lipoxygenase activity in the wheat grain compared to wheat grain without the mutation, and
milling the wheat grain into whole grain flour, wherein the whole grain flour has increased shelf life compared to whole grain flour milled from wheat grain not having said mutation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said whole grain flour comprises ultrafine-milled whole grain flour.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said milling is carried out with a hammermill, roller mill, pin mill, impact mill, disc mill, air attrition mill, or a gap mill.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said milling comprises grinding grain in a single stream without separating endosperm, bran, or germ into separate streams.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said milling comprises separating the flour into coarse fraction, endosperm, bran, or germ.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the wheat grain is of a first type of wheat, and said method further comprises:
blending one or more coarse fraction, endosperm, bran or germ of the first type of wheat with whole grain flour, endosperm, bran, or germ from a second type of wheat.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the whole grain flour comprises an ultrafine-milled coarse fraction.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the wheat grain is of a first type of wheat, and said method further comprising:
blending said ultrafine-milled coarse fraction from the first type of wheat with whole grain flour, endosperm, bran, or germ from a second type of wheat.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wheat grain is of a first type of wheat, and said method further comprising:
blending said whole grain flour of the first type of wheat with whole grain flour endosperm, bran, or germ from a second type of wheat.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said human-induced mutation in the Lpx1 D genome is homozygous.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said human-induced mutation is carried out by chemical mutagenesis.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said human-induced mutation is carried out by genome editing.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wheat grain further comprises a human-induced mutation in the Lpx1 gene of a B genome.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said human-induced mutation in the B genome is homozygous.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein said human-induced mutation is carried out by chemical mutagenesis.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein said human-induced mutation is carried out by genome editing.