Multicomponent magnet assemblies for electrical machines
A method for manufacturing a multicomponent permanent magnet, and a multicomponent permanent magnet are proposed. The multicomponent permanent magnet has a first permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd and T is one or more transition metal elements including Fe; and a second permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd and T is one or more transition metal elements including Fe, the second magnet including at least one of a heavy rare earth element (HRE) and an increased amount of Ce and/or Co, the second magnet having different magnetic properties, in particular a higher coercivity, than the first magnet. The first magnet and the second magnet are connected mechanically, wherein the connection is electrically conductive with an adjusted electrical resistivity.
1. A multicomponent permanent magnet comprising:
a first permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd and T is one or more transition metal elements including Fe;
a second permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd and T is one or more transition metal elements including Fe, the second magnet having a higher coercivity than the first magnet;
wherein the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are mechanically connected; and
wherein the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are connected in an electrically conductive manner, wherein
an electrical resistivity ρ c across a connection between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet in at least one portion of the connection is adjusted to satisfy the following formula:
10 −3 ρ m ≤ρ c ≤10 5 ρ m ,
wherein ρ m is the larger one of the bulk resistivities of the first and second permanent magnets.
2. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical resistivity pc is adjusted to satisfy the following formula:
10 −3 ×150μΩ cm≤ρ c ≤10 5 ×150μΩ cm.
3. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the lower limit of the electrical resistivity ρ c is 10 −1 ρ m , or is 10 −1 ×150 μΩ cm.
4. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the upper limit of the electrical resistivity ρ c is 10 3 ρ m , or is 10 3 ×150 μΩ cm.
5. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one portion of the connection between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet includes an outer edge portion of the connection.
6. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the remanence of the first and second permanent magnets are different from each other.
7. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 wherein the R-T-B composition of at least one of the first and the second permanent magnets is a Nd—Fe—B composition.
8. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the second permanent magnet comprises at least one coercivity-increasing element in a higher amount than the first magnet, the at least one coercivity-increasing element preferably including at least one of a heavy rare earth element (HRE), Ce and Co—.
9. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one heavy rare earth element (HRE) of the second permanent magnet comprises at least one of Dy and Tb.
10. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 8 , wherein a total content of the at least one heavy earth element (HRE) in the second permanent magnet is between 0.1 and 15 mass %.
11. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the connection between the first and second permanent magnets comprises electrically conductive areas and non-conductive areas, each of the areas connecting respective portions of the first and second permanent magnets to each other.
12. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the connection between the first and second magnets is stable up to a maximum temperature of at least 180° C.
13. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , further comprising a third permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, the third magnet having a higher coercivity than the second magnet;
wherein the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet are mechanically connected; and
wherein the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet are connected in an electrically conductive manner.
14. The multicomponent magnet according to claim 1 , wherein the connection between the first and the second permanent magnets includes an electrically conductive glue.
15. An electrical machine comprising at least one multicomponent permanent magnet according to claim 1 .
16. A method for manufacturing a multicomponent permanent magnet, the method comprising:
providing a first permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd and T is one or more transition metal elements including Fe;
providing a second permanent magnet having a R-T-B-composition, wherein R is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd and T is one or more transition metal elements including Fe, the second magnet having a higher coercivity than the first magnet;
mechanically connecting the first magnet and the second magnet, wherein the mechanically connecting of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet includes adjusting an electrical resistivity ρ c across a connection between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet in at least one portion of the connection to satisfy the following formula:
10 −3 ρ m ≤ρ c ≤10 5 ρ m ,
wherein ρ m is the larger one of the bulk resistivities of the first and second permanent magnets.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein in the mechanically connecting the microstructure of the first and second permanent magnets is essentially preserved.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the mechanically connecting includes heating the magnet assembly to a temperature of at most 300° C.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the mechanically connecting is carried out in combination with a final annealing step.
20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the electrical resistivity ρ c is adjusted to satisfy the following formula:
10 −3 ×150μΩ cm≤ρ c ≤10 5 ×150μΩ cm.
21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the lower limit of the electrical resistivity ρ c is 10 −1 ρm, or is 10 −1 ×150 μΩ cm, and/or wherein the upper limit of the electrical resistivity ρc is 10 3 ρm, or is 10 3 ×150 μΩ cm.
22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the second magnet comprises at least one corecivity-increasing element in a higher amount than the first magnet, the at least one corecivity-increasing element preferably including at least one of a heavy rare earth element (HRE), Ce and Co.
23. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one portion of the connection between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet includes an outer edge portion of the connection.