Hybrid excited rotary machine
A vehicle's electrified powertrain includes a battery pack linked to a traction power inverter module (TPIM) converting DC voltage from the battery pack into AC voltage. A rotary electric machine includes a stator energized by the TPIM's AC voltage, enclosing a rotor core capable of rotation. The rotor core contains slots holding conductive bars and permanent magnets, with conductive bars positioned closer to the rotor core's center. The conductive bars and permanent magnets are separated by gaps within each slot. An annular end ring assembly is present at one end of the rotor core, featuring terminal conductors connected to subsets of conductive bars and a secondary coil of a rotary transformer. When the stator is energized, the rotor shaft, connected to the rotor, rotates. The electric machine powers a transmission, which is coupled to the rotor shaft.
1. An electric machine, comprising:
a stator; and
a rotor core surrounded by the stator and rotatable about an axis, the rotor core having axially opposite ends and a plurality of slots, each slot extending through the rotor core between the axially opposite ends and containing at least one respective electrical conductor and at least one respective permanent magnet, wherein the electrical conductors are radially inboard relative to the permanent magnets and extend beyond the axially opposite ends of the rotor core,
wherein the at least one respective permanent magnet contained within each slot comprises a respective first magnet and a respective second magnet, wherein the first magnets are intermediate the second magnets and the electrical conductors, and
wherein the respective first magnet and the respective second magnet have at least one of a temperature rating and a coercivity that are different from one another,
wherein the electrical conductors comprise conductive bars,
wherein an annular end ring assembly at one end of the rotor core containing a first terminal conductor galvanically coupled to a first subset of the conductive bars and a second terminal conductor galvanically coupled to a second subset of the conductive bars, and
wherein the annular end ring assembly further contains a secondary coil of a rotary transformer.
2. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the conductive bars comprise hairpin conductors.
3. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the at least one respective electrical conductor and the at least one respective permanent magnet contained within each slot are separated by a respective space.
4. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the at least one respective permanent magnet contained within each slot comprises a stack of permanent magnets.
5. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the first magnets have a first temperature rating and the second magnets have a second temperature rating that is less than the first temperature rating.
6. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the first magnets have a first coercivity and the second magnets have a second coercivity that is less than the first coercivity.
7. The electric machine of claim 3 wherein the spaces separating the electrical conductors and the permanent magnets comprise cooling passages within the rotor core.
8. The electric machine of claim 3 wherein the spaces separating the electrical conductors and the permanent magnets contain a thermal insulator.
9. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the conductive bars are hollow.
10. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the slots are open at a periphery of the rotor core sufficient for radial insertion of the electrical conductors.
11. The electric machine of claim 10 further comprising a cylindrical containment sleeve surrounding the rotor core at a periphery of the rotor core.
12. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the annular end ring assembly radially surrounds the conductive bars where they extend beyond the one end of the rotor core.
13. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the annular end ring assembly is radially surrounded by the conductive bars where they extend beyond the one end of the rotor core.
14. An electric machine, comprising:
a stator;
a rotor core surrounded by the stator and rotatable about an axis, the rotor core having axially opposite ends and a plurality of slots, each slot extending through the rotor core between the axially opposite ends and containing at least one respective conductive bar and at least one respective permanent magnet, wherein the conductive bars are radially inboard relative to the permanent magnets and extend beyond the axially opposite ends of the rotor core, and wherein the at least one respective conductive bar and at the least one respective permanent magnet contained within each slot are separated by a respective space; and
an annular end ring assembly at one end of the rotor core containing a first terminal conductor galvanically coupled to a first subset of the conductive bars and a second terminal conductor galvanically coupled to a second subset of the conductive bars,
wherein the at least one respective permanent magnet contained within each slot comprises a respective first magnet and a respective second magnet, wherein the first magnets are intermediate the second magnets and the conductive bars,
wherein the respective first magnet and the respective second magnet have at least one of a temperature rating and a coercivity that are different from one another, and
wherein the annular end ring assembly further contains a secondary coil of a rotary transformer.
15. The electric machine of claim 14 wherein the first magnets have a first coercivity and the second magnets have a second coercivity that is less than the first coercivity.
16. An electrified powertrain for a vehicle, comprising:
a battery pack;
a traction power inverter module (“TPIM”) connected to the battery pack, and configured to change a direct current (“DC”) voltage from the battery pack to an alternating current (“AC”) voltage; and
a rotary electric machine, comprising:
a stator energized by the AC voltage from the TPIM;
a rotor core surrounded by the stator and rotatable about an axis, the rotor core having axially opposite ends and a plurality of slots, each slot extending through the rotor core between the axially opposite ends and containing at least one respective conductive bar and at least one respective permanent magnet, wherein the conductive bars are radially inboard relative to the permanent magnets and extend beyond the axially opposite ends of the rotor core, and wherein the at least one respective conductive bar and at the least one respective permanent magnet contained within each slot are separated by a respective space; and
an annular end ring assembly at one end of the rotor core containing a first terminal conductor galvanically coupled to a first subset of the conductive bars and a second terminal conductor galvanically coupled to a second subset of the conductive bars, the annular end ring assembly further containing a secondary coil of a rotary transformer for energizing the conductive bars;
a rotor shaft connected to the rotor, and configured to rotate about an axis of rotation in conjunction with the rotor when the stator is energized; and
a transmission coupled to the rotor shaft and powered by the electric machine.