Compositional variations of tungsten tetraboride with transition metals and light elements
A composition includes tungsten (W); at least one element selected form the group of elements consisting of boron (B), beryllium (Be) and silicon (Si); and at least one element selected from the group of elements consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al). The composition satisfies the formula W 1-x M x X y wherein X is one of B, Be and Si; M is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, Li and Al; x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.999; and y is at least 4.0. A tool is made from or coated with this composition.
1. A tool comprising a surface or body, wherein the surface or body comprises a composition of formula W 1-x M x B y ,
wherein
W is tungsten;
B is boron;
M is at least one element selected from the group of elements consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Jr), lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al),
x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.999;
y is about 4.0; and
the composition of formula W 1-x M x B y is a crystalline solid characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=24.2±0.2.
2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the tool is a drill bit, a blade, a file, a sander, or a die.
3. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface or body of the tool comprises a backing structure, wherein a powder or granular form of the composition of formula W 1-x M x B y is attached to the backing structure.
4. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the composition of formula W 1-x M x B y is deposited on the surface or body of the tool.
5. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface or body of the tool is coated with the composition of formula W 1-x M x B y .
6. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the composition of formula W 1-x M x B y is integrated into the surface or body of the tool.
7. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface or body of the tool is made from a composition of formula W 1-x M x B y .
8. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the wear resistance or abrasion resistance of the tool is increased relative to a tool absent the composition of formula W 1-x M x B y .
9. The tool of claim 1 , wherein M is one of Re, Ta, Mn, Cr, Ta and Mn, or Ta and Cr.
10. The tool of claim 1 , wherein x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.6.
11. The tool of claim 1 , wherein M is Ta, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.05.
12. The tool of claim 1 , wherein M is Mn, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.4.
13. The tool of claim 1 , wherein M is Cr, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.6.
14. The tool of claim 1 , wherein M is Cr and Ta, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.4.
15. The tool of claim 1 , wherein W 1-x M x B y is W 0.93 Ta 0.02 Cr 0.05 B 4 .
16. The tool of claim 1 , wherein M is Ta and Mo, and x is at least 0.01 and less than 0.4.
17. The tool of claim 1 , wherein W 1-x M x B y is W 0.94 Ta 0.02 Mo 0.04 B 4 .
18. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=34.5±0.3 or 45.1±0.3.
19. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=47.5±0.3, 61.8±0.3, 69.2±0.3, 69.4±0.3, 79.7±0.3, 89.9±0.3, or 110.2±0.3.
20. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a Vickers Hardness value of greater than about 43.3 GPa under an applied load of 0.49 N.
21. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface or body comprises (a) a composition of formula W 1-x M x B y ; and (b) cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), or any combination thereof.
22. The tool of claim 21 , wherein the surface or body comprises (a) a composition of formula W 1-x M x B y ; and (b) cobalt (Co).
23. The tool of claim 21 , wherein the surface or body comprises (a) a composition of formula W 1-x M x B y ; and (b) nickel (Ni).
24. The tool of claim 21 , wherein the surface or body comprises (a) a composition of formula W 1-x M x B y ; and (b) copper (Cu).