Tunable terahertz detector
A terahertz detector circuit can include a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) having multiple gates that can be controlled by gate signals to generate a gate-induced modulation pattern in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of the HEMT. When the gate induced modulation pattern substantially matches a signal induced modulation pattern generated by an incident terahertz signal then a detection efficiency of the incident terahertz signal is improved. Accordingly, an electronically tunable THz detector with high efficiency can be realized. When these THz detectors are arranged in an array and electrically coupled, THz images and/or multi-spectral THz images may be generated.
1. A terahertz detector circuit, comprising:
a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) including:
a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at a heterojunction between a first heterojunction layer and a second heterojunction layer; and
a plurality of gate terminals disposed on a trace layer, the first heterojunction layer between the trace layer and the 2DEG; and
a gate driver configured to apply signals to the plurality of gate terminals according to a tuning configuration in order to generate a gate-induced modulation pattern in the 2DEG, the gate-induced modulation pattern increasing a detection sensitivity for a particular terahertz signal.
2. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of gate terminals are spaced apart and span at least a portion of the 2DEG.
3. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the particular terahertz signal generates a signal-induced modulation pattern in the 2DEG that is correlated to the gate-induced modulation pattern.
4. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 3 , wherein a spatial frequency of the signal-induced modulation pattern is substantially equal to a spatial frequency of the gate-induced modulation pattern.
5. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 4 , wherein a spatial phase of the signal-induced modulation pattern is substantially equal to a spatial phase of the gate-induced modulation pattern.
6. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first heterojunction layer and the second heterojunction layer are materials having different bandgaps, the materials based on Gallium Nitride (GaN).
7. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first heterojunction layer and the second heterojunction layer are materials having different bandgaps, the materials based on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).
8. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first heterojunction layer and the second heterojunction layer are materials having different bandgaps, the materials based on Indium Phosphide (InP).
9. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the particular terahertz signal passes through the trace layer before reaching the heterojunction according to a front-side illumination configuration.
10. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the particular terahertz signal passes through a substrate layer before reaching the heterojunction according to a back-side illumination configuration.
11. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 10 , wherein the substrate layer of the HEMT is silicon carbide (SiC).
12. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the HEMT is coupled to an antenna tuned to receive the particular terahertz signal.
13. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the tuning configuration approximates a sinusoid.
14. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 13 , wherein the signals applied to the plurality of gate terminals are each at one of a plurality of levels.
15. The terahertz detector circuit according to claim 14 , wherein the plurality of levels are an ON level that when applied to a gate increases a local electron density under the gate and an OFF level that when applied to the gate decrease the local electron density under the gate.
16. A terahertz detector array, comprising:
a plurality of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), each HEMT including:
a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at a heterojunction between a first heterojunction layer and a second heterojunction layer; and
a plurality of gate terminals disposed on a trace layer, the first heterojunction layer between the trace layer and the 2DEG;
a gate driver circuit configured to apply signals to the plurality of gate terminals of each HEMT according to a tuning configuration in order to generate a gate-induced modulation pattern in the 2DEG, the gate-induced modulation pattern increasing a detection sensitivity for a particular terahertz signal; and
a sensing and readout circuit configured to receive detection signals from each HEMT in response to the particular terahertz signal and to generate an output based on the detection signals.
17. The terahertz detector array according to claim 16 , wherein the output is a terahertz image.
18. The terahertz detector array according to claim 16 , wherein the output is a multi-spectral terahertz image.
19. A method for detecting terahertz (THz) radiation, the method comprising:
applying a first set of gate signals to a plurality of gate terminals that are spatially coupled to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG);
generating a first gate-induced modulation pattern in the 2DEG based on the first set of gate signals;
receiving THz radiation at the 2DEG, the THz radiation including frequency components that generate signal-induced modulation patterns in the 2DEG; and
detecting a first frequency component of the THz radiation that generates a first signal-induced modulation pattern that substantially matches the first gate-induced modulation pattern.
20. The method for detecting terahertz (THz) radiation according to claim 19 , further including:
applying a second set of gate signals to the plurality of gate terminals;
generating a second gate-induced modulation pattern in the 2DEG based on the second set of gate signals; and
detecting a second frequency component of the THz radiation that generates a second signal-induced modulation pattern that substantially matches the second gate-induced modulation pattern.