Hyperspectral sensing system

1. An autonomous optical sensing device comprising:

a first spectrometer including a sensing element and a dispersive element;

an optical system including an optical director configured to direct ambient light incident from a first direction and ambient light incident from a second direction onto the dispersive element of the first spectrometer, the second direction being nonparallel to the first direction; and

a first controller coupled to the first spectrometer and configured to automatically trigger data acquisition by the first spectrometer at selected intervals;

wherein the first spectrometer and the optical system are at least partially encased in a common housing.

2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an optical modulator at least partially encased in the common housing, the optical modulator configured to modulate the ambient light incident from the second direction.

3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an optical polarizer at least partially encased in the common housing, the optical polarizer configured to polarize the ambient light incident from the second direction.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical system comprises a first lens assembly having a first value of a selected optical characteristic, and wherein the first lens assembly is interchangeable with a second lens assembly having a second value of the selected optical characteristic.

5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the optical characteristic is a field of view.

6. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a second spectrometer at least partially encased in the common housing, wherein the optical director is further configured to direct ambient light incident from a second direction onto a sensing element of the second spectrometer.

7. The device of claim 6 , further comprising a second controller configured to automatically trigger data acquisition by the second spectrometer at selected intervals and to control transmission of data to a remote server by an onboard data processing system.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the second controller is configured to wake the data processing system from a standby mode at predetermined intervals.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first spectrometer has a spectral domain including a range of 300 nm to 900 nm.

10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first controller is configured to automatically enable data acquisition by the first spectrometer in response to detection, by a second sensing element, of an intensity of ambient light above a threshold level.

11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the first controller is further configured to automatically disable data acquisition by the first spectrometer in response to detection, by the second sensing element, of an intensity of ambient light below the threshold level.

12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the light incident from the first direction is received through a first aperture of the device and the light incident from the second direction is received through a second aperture of the device, wherein the first aperture lies in a first plane and the second aperture lies in a second plane, and the first and second planes are noncoplanar.

13. An autonomous hyperspectral sensing device comprising:

a housing having a first aperture configured to receive ambient light from a first direction and a second aperture configured to receive ambient light from a second direction different from the first direction;

a spectrometer disposed within the housing, the spectrometer including a sensing element, a spectrometer body having an input slit, and an optical element disposed within the spectrometer body and configured to direct light received through the input slit toward the sensing element in wavelength-dependent directions;

an optical system disposed within the housing and configured to direct light received through the first aperture and light received through the second aperture to the input slit;

an electronic controller disposed within the housing and configured to automatically trigger data acquisition by the spectrometer; and

an optical modulator configured to modulate an amplitude of the light received through the second aperture before the light received through the second aperture is received at the input slit.

14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the optical element of the spectrometer comprises a grating attached to an inner wall of the spectrometer body.

15. The device of claim 13 , wherein the spectrometer has a spectral domain including a range of 300 nm to 900 nm.

16. The device of claim 13 , further comprising a transmitter disposed at least partially within the housing, and wherein the electronic controller is further configured to control the transmitter to transmit data acquired by the spectrometer to a remote device.

17. The device of claim 13 , wherein the optical modulator is disposed within the housing.

18. An autonomous hyperspectral sensing device comprising:

a housing having a first aperture configured to receive ambient light from a first direction;

a spectrometer disposed within the housing, the spectrometer including a first sensing element, a spectrometer body having an input slit, and an optical element disposed within the spectrometer body and configured to direct light received through the input slit toward the first sensing element in wavelength-dependent directions;

an optical system disposed within the housing and configured to direct light received through the first aperture to the input slit; and

an electronic controller disposed within the housing and configured to automatically trigger data acquisition by the spectrometer in response to detection, by a second sensing element, of an intensity of ambient light above a threshold level.

19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the electronic controller is further configured to automatically disable data acquisition by the spectrometer in response to detection, by the second sensing element, of an intensity of ambient light below the threshold level.