Protein enriched microvesicles and methods of making and using the same
Protein enriched micro-vesicles and methods of making and using the same are provided. Aspects of the methods include maintaining a cell having a membrane-associated protein comprising a first dimerization domain and a target protein having a second dimerization domain under conditions sufficient to produce a micro-vesicle from the cell, wherein the micro-vesicle includes the target protein. Also provided are cells, reagents and kits that find use in making the micro-vesicles, as well as methods of using the micro-vesicles, e.g., in research and therapeutic applications.
1. A cell comprising:
(i) a first expression cassette comprising a first coding sequence encoding a first chimeric protein, said first chimeric protein comprising a membrane-associated domain and a first dimerization domain, wherein the membrane-associated domain and the first dimerization domain are heterologous;
(ii) a second expression cassette comprising a promoter and a second coding sequence encoding a second chimeric protein, said second chimeric protein comprising a target protein domain and a second dimerization domain; and
(iii) a micro-vesicle inducer;
wherein the cell produces a micro-vesicle comprising:
(a) the first chimeric protein ; and
(b) the second chimeric protein,
wherein the second chimeric protein is not membrane-associated in the absence of the first chimeric protein, and
wherein the first and second dimerization domains are specifically bound to each other in a dimerized complex or the first and second dimerization domains are bound to each other by a single dimerization mediator.
2. The cell according to claim 1 , further comprising the dimerization mediator.
3. The cell according to claim 2 , wherein the dimerization mediator is a modifiable dimerization mediator.
4. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second dimerization domains are selected from DmrA and DmrC domains, DmrB domains, DmrD domains, dimerization domains of the dihydrofolate reductase system, dimerization domains of Tag and p53, and dimerization domains of SH2 and a PTRK protein.
5. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the micro-vesicle inducer is selected from the group consisting of a viral membrane fusion protein, a chemical inducer, proteolipid protein PLP1, the clathrin adaptor complex AP1, floppase, flippase scramblase, TSAP6 and CHMP4C.
6. The cell according to claim 5 , wherein the micro-vesicle inducer is a class III viral membrane fusion protein.
7. The cell according to claim 6 , wherein the Class III viral membrane fusion protein is VSV-G.
8. The cell of according to claim 1 , wherein the first dimerization domain contacts the cytosol in a micro-vesicle produced by said cell.
9. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the first chimeric protein is selected from the group consisting of a myristoylated protein, a farnesylated protein, a membrane anchor protein, a transmembrane protein and membrane lipid binding protein.
10. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second expression cassettes comprises an inducible promoter.
11. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell further comprises a membrane-associated protein comprising the first dimerization domain and a target protein comprisin the second dimerization domain.
12. The cell according to claim 11 , wherein the membrane-associated protein and the target protein are present in a dimerized complex.
13. The cell according to claim 12 , wherein the first and second dimerization domains are specifically bound to each other in the dimerized complex.
14. The cell according to claim 12 , wherein first and second dimerization domains are bound to each other by a dimerization mediator.
15. The cell according to claim 14 , wherein the dimerization mediator is a modifiable dimerization mediator.
16. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the second chimeric protein is a research protein.
17. The cell according to claim 16 , wherein the research protein is a genomic modification protein.
18. The cell according to claim 17 , wherein the genomic modification protein is selected from the group consisting of: CRE recombinases, meganucleases, Zinc-finger nucleases, CRISPR/Cas-9 nucleases and TAL effector nucleases.
19. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein dimerization of the first and second dimerization domain results in at least a 5-fold increase in packaging efficiency of the first chimeric protein and the second chimeric protein into micro-vesicles relative to the absence of dimerization of the first and second dimerization domain.