Self-assembling magnetic anastomosis device having an exoskeleton
The invention is an implantable magnetic anastomosis device having an exoskeleton that directs self-assembly. The design allows the device to be delivered in a linear configuration using a minimally-invasive technique, such as endoscopy or laparoscopy, whereupon the device self-assembles into, e.g., a polygon. A coupled set of polygons define a circumscribed tissue that can be perforated, or the tissue can be allowed to naturally necrose and perforate. The device can be used to create anastomoses in a variety of tissues, such as tissues found in the gastrointestinal, renal/urinary, and reproductive tracts. New procedures for using anastomoses, e.g., surgical bypass are also disclosed.
1. A guide member for forming an implantable device having a plurality of magnetic segments, the guide member comprising:
a shape memory material including a band supporting at least one set of opposing flanges configured to secure the plurality of magnetic segments and to direct the magnetic segments to assemble into a geometric shape characterized by a central plane passing through the band, each set of opposing flanges configured to have a shape-memory position in which the opposing flanges are biased to an angle less than 90 degrees relative to the central plane to grasp or pinch at least one magnetic segment between the opposing flanges.
2. A guide member according to claim 1 , wherein each of the opposing flanges is configured to be opened to an angle greater than or equal to 90 degrees relative to the central plane below a first predetermined temperature to allow for insertion of the at least one magnetic segment between the opposing flanges while allowing the opposing flanges to return to the shape-memory position when the temperature returns above a second predetermined temperature higher than the first predetermined temperature to grasp or pinch the at least one magnetic segment between the opposing flanges.
3. A guide member according to claim 1 , wherein the shape memory material comprises a biocompatible shape memory material.
4. A guide member according to claim 1 , wherein the shape memory material comprises a nickel alloy, a copper alloy, a zinc alloy, a platinum alloy, or a cobalt alloy.
5. A guide member according to claim 1 , wherein at least one set of opposing flanges is configured to secure two or more magnetic segments.
6. A guide member according to claim 1 , wherein the guide member is configured to secure four or more magnetic segments and the geometric shape is a polygon.
7. A guide member according to claim 6 , wherein the polygon is a square, a hexagon, or an octagon.
8. A guide member according to claim 1 , wherein the guide member is deformable to allow the magnetic segments to be aligned linearly.
9. An implantable device comprising:
a plurality of magnetic segments; and
a guide member according to claim 1 .
10. An implantable device according to claim 9 , wherein the shape memory material comprises a biocompatible shape memory material.
11. An implantable device according to claim 9 , wherein the shape memory material comprises a nickel alloy, a copper alloy, a zinc alloy, a platinum alloy, or a cobalt alloy.
12. An implantable device according to claim 9 , wherein at least one set of opposing flanges is configured to secure two or more magnetic segments.
13. An implantable device according to claim 9 , wherein the device comprises four or more magnetic segments and the geometric shape is a polygon.
14. An implantable device according to claim 13 , wherein the polygon is a square, a hexagon, or an octagon.
15. An implantable device according to claim 9 , wherein the guide member is deformable to allow the magnetic segments to be aligned linearly.
16. An implantable device according to claim 9 , wherein the device is a magnetic compression anastomosis device.
17. A method of forming an implantable device, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of magnetic segments;
providing a guide member according to claim 2 ;
cooling the guide member to below the first predetermined temperature to allow each set of opposing flanges to be separated by a distance greater than the thickness of the magnetic segment;
inserting the at least one magnetic segment between each set of separated opposing flanges; and
after inserting the magnetic segments, returning the temperature of the guide member to a temperate above the second predetermined temperature to secure the plurality of magnetic segments in the guide member.
18. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the first predetermined temperature is around −30 degree Celsius.
19. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the second predetermined temperature is an Austenite finish temperature of the shape memory material.
20. A method according to claim 17 , further comprising:
after the guide member has returned to the temperature above the second predetermined temperature, applying adhesive between the guide member and each of the magnetic segments.