Recombinant fusion proteins for producing milk proteins in plants
Provided herein are compositions and methods for producing milk proteins in plants, which allow for safe, sustainable and humane production of milk proteins for commercial use, such as use in food compositions. The disclosure provides recombinant fusion proteins comprising a milk protein, or fragment thereof and a structured mammalian, avian, plant, or fungal protein, or fragment thereof. The disclosure also provides methods for producing the recombinant fusions proteins, and food compositions comprising the same.
1. A stably transformed plant, comprising in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising:
a) bovine κ-casein; and
b) bovine β-lactoglobulin,
wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant.
2. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, the κ-casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
3. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
4. The stably transformed plant of claim 3 , wherein the protease cleavage site is a chymosin cleavage site.
5. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a signal peptide.
6. The stably transformed plant of claim 5 , wherein the signal peptide is located at the N-terminus of the fusion protein.
7. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is soybean.
8. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant DNA construct comprises codon-optimized nucleic acids for expression in the plant.
9. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein has a molecular weight of 30 kDa to 50 kDa.
10. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein is expressed at a level at least 2-fold higher than κ-casein expressed individually in a plant.
11. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein accumulates in the plant at least 2-fold higher than κ-casein expressed without β-lactoglobulin.
12. The stably transformed plant of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
13. A transgenic soybean plant, comprising: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising:
a) bovine κ-casein; and
b) bovine β-lactoglobulin,
wherein the fusion protein is expressed in the soybean plant.
14. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 13 , wherein the fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, the κ-casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
15. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 13 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
16. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 13 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a chymosin cleavage site.
17. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 13 , wherein the fusion protein has a molecular weight of 30 kDa to 50 kDa.
18. A transgenic soybean plant, comprising: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising a bovine casein and bovine β-lactoglobulin.
19. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 18 , wherein the fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, the bovine casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
20. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 18 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
21. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 18 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a chymosin cleavage site.
22. The transgenic soybean plant of claim 18 , wherein the fusion protein has a molecular weight of 30 kDa to 50 kDa.