Methods for treating and preventing neutrophil-derived net toxicity and thrombosis
Embodiments of the technology described herein are based upon the discoveries that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide a stimulus for thrombus formation and that NETs are present in stored blood products. Accordingly, some embodiments relate to methods of treating and preventing toxicity of NETs and thrombosis caused by NETs. Additional embodiments are directed towards methods of treating stored blood products to prevent transfusion-related injuries.
1. A method of treating thrombosis in a subject in need thereof or reducing the incidence or severity of thrombosis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one anti-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (anti-NET) compound, wherein the anti-NET compound is a deoxyribonuclease (DNase).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thrombosis is caused by leukocyte-derived extracellular DNA traps.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thrombosis is arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, or inflammation-enhanced thrombosis.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the thrombosis is arterial thrombosis.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the subject has thromboembolic occlusion of intracerebral arteries.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the subject suffers from stroke.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thrombosis is associated with acute inflammation.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered by injection or infusion.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the injection is intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or transdermal.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the infusion is performed over a 5 minute, 10 minute, 15 minute, 20 minute, or 25 minute period.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the administration is repeated hourly for at least three cycles.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is repeated.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administration is repeated daily for at least one week.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administration is repeated daily for at least one month.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administration is repeated weekly.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administration is repeated biweekly for at least one month.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administration is repeated biweekly for at least two months.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the administration is repeated once per month for at least six months.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-NET compound is administered at a dose of from about 1 μg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the anti-NET compound is administered at a dose of from 100 μg/kg to 10 mg/kg.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the DNase is administered as a controlled-release formulation.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein a single administration of the anti-NET compound to the subject decreases the concentration of NETs in the patient's bloodstream by at least 30%.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein a single administration of the anti-NET compound to the subject decreases the concentration of NETs in the patient's bloodstream by at least 50%.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-NET compound is administered prophylactically.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNase is DNase I.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is further administered at least one anti-thrombotic treatment selected from the group consisting of:
heparin, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), anistreplase, streptokinase, urokinase, warfarin, idraparinux, fondaparinux, aspirin, an adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a glycoprotein IIB/IIA inhibitor, a adenosine reuptake inhibitor, and a thromboxane receptor antagonist.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has received a transfusion, or the subject has inflammation or an infection.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is not exhibiting signs or symptoms of a thrombotic event at the time of administration, but is at risk of developing a thrombotic event due to transfusion, inflammation, or infection.
29. A method of reducing the progression of thrombosis or one or more signs or symptoms of thrombosis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one anti-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (anti-NET) compound, wherein the anti-NET compound is a deoxyribonuclease (DNase).
30. A method of protecting against thrombosis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one anti-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (anti-NET) compound, wherein the anti-NET compound is a deoxyribonuclease (DNase).