Operational modes for hybrid fire fighting vehicle
A fire fighting vehicle includes a powertrain, an accessory drive, and a controller. The powertrain includes an engine, an energy storage device, and an electromechanical transmission (i) electrically coupled to the energy storage device and (ii) selectively mechanically coupled to the engine. The electromechanical transmission is configured to (a) selectively drive a front axle and/or a rear axle and (b) selectively generate energy for storage in the energy storage device as stored energy. The accessory drive is positioned to receive a mechanical input from the engine and the electromechanical transmission. The controller is configured to selectively operate the powertrain in (i) a standby mode by operating the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy to drive the accessory drive with the engine off and (ii) a rollout mode by operating the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy to drive the front axle and/or the rear axle with the engine off.
1. A fire fighting vehicle comprising:
a chassis;
a front axle coupled to the chassis;
a rear axle coupled to the chassis;
a powertrain including:
an engine coupled to the chassis;
an energy storage device coupled to the chassis; and
an electromechanical transmission (i) coupled to the chassis, (ii) electrically coupled to the energy storage device, and (iii) selectively mechanically coupled to the engine, the electromechanical transmission configured to (a) selectively drive at least one of the front axle or the rear axle and (b) selectively generate energy for storage in the energy storage device as stored energy;
an accessory drive positioned to receive a mechanical input from the engine and the electromechanical transmission; and
a controller configured to selectively operate the powertrain in a plurality of operational modes including a standby mode, a rollout mode, and a hybrid mode;
wherein, according to the standby mode, the controller is configured to operate the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy stored in the energy storage device to drive the accessory drive with the engine off;
wherein, according to the rollout mode, the controller is configured to operate the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy in the energy storage device to drive the at least one of the front axle or the rear axle with the engine off; and
wherein, according to the hybrid mode, the controller is configured to operate both the engine and the electromechanical transmission.
2. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 1 , wherein, according to the standby mode, the controller is configured to mechanically decouple the electromechanical transmission from the engine and shut the engine off if the engine is on.
3. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to at least one of (i) confirm that a parking brake is engaged or engage the parking brake or (ii) determine whether a state of charge of the energy storage device is sufficient prior to initiating the standby mode.
4. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to initiate the standby mode (i) in response to a user input to initiate the standby mode or (ii) automatically in response to the fire fighting vehicle being stationary for a period of time.
5. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to selectively operate the powertrain in an ultra-low mode, and wherein, according to the ultra-low mode, the controller is configured to:
de-couple the engine from the electromechanical transmission if the engine is coupled to the electromechanical transmission; and
operate the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy stored in the energy storage device to provide a torque output and a speed output that facilitate traversing an incline up to at least a 50% grade.
6. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 1 , wherein, according to the rollout mode, the controller is configured to:
de-couple the engine from the electromechanical transmission if the engine is coupled to the electromechanical transmission;
start the engine in response to a condition being met; and
operate both the engine and the electromechanical transmission according to the hybrid mode.
7. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 6 , wherein the condition includes at least one of (i) an amount of time exceeding a time threshold while operating in the rollout mode, (ii) a distance traveled exceeding a distance threshold while operating in the rollout mode, (iii) the fire fighting vehicle being outside of a rollout geofence, (iv) a current vehicle speed exceeding a speed threshold while operating in the rollout mode, or (v) receiving a user input to transition from the rollout mode to the hybrid mode.
8. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 6 , wherein, according to the hybrid mode, the controller is configured to provide a mechanical output from the engine to at least one of the electromechanical transmission, the accessory drive, or a pump.
9. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 8 , further comprising the pump, wherein the pump is configured to provide a fluid from a fluid source to a fluid outlet.
10. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 9 , further comprising a fluid tank, wherein the fluid tank is the fluid source, and wherein the fluid tank includes at least one of a water tank or an agent tank.
11. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 9 , further comprising a power divider positioned between the engine, the pump, and the electromechanical transmission, the power divider including a first interface coupled to the engine, a second interface coupled to the pump, and a third interface coupled to the electromechanical transmission.
12. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the power divider includes (i) a first clutch positioned between the first interface and the second interface and (ii) a second clutch positioned between the first interface and the third interface.
13. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 12 , further comprising a third clutch positioned between the third interface and the electromechanical transmission.
14. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the accessory drive is coupled to the third interface of the power divider (a) between the power divider and the electromechanical transmission and (b) in a through-shaft arrangement, wherein the accessory drive can be driven by the engine through the power divider when the second clutch is engaged, and wherein the accessory drive can be back-driven by the electromechanical transmission when the second clutch is disengaged.
15. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 14 , wherein the accessory drive includes:
a base coupled to a housing of the power divider;
a plurality of accessory pulleys coupled to the base, each of the plurality of accessory pulleys coupled to a respective vehicle accessory;
a drive pulley coupled to the third interface; and
a belt coupling the drive pulley to the plurality of accessory pulleys.
16. A fire fighting vehicle comprising:
a chassis;
a front axle coupled to the chassis;
a rear axle coupled to the chassis;
a powertrain coupled to the chassis, the powertrain including:
an engine;
an energy storage device; and
an electromechanical transmission (i) electrically coupled to the energy storage device and (ii) selectively mechanically coupled to the engine, the electromechanical transmission configured to (a) selectively drive at least one of the front axle or the rear axle and (b) selectively generate energy for storage in the energy storage device as stored energy;
a pump configured to provide a fluid from a fluid source to a fluid outlet;
a power divider positioned between the engine, the pump, and the electromechanical transmission, the power divider including a first interface coupled to the engine, a second interface coupled to the pump, and a third interface coupled to the electromechanical transmission;
an accessory drive coupled to the third interface of the power divider (i) between the power divider and the electromechanical transmission and (ii) in a through-shaft arrangement, the accessory drive positioned to receive a mechanical input from the engine and the electromechanical transmission; and
a controller configured to:
selectively operate the powertrain in a standby mode by operating the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy stored in the energy storage device to drive the accessory drive with the engine off; and
selectively operate the powertrain in a rollout mode by operating the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy in the energy storage device to drive the at least one of the front axle or the rear axle with the engine off.
17. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the accessory drive can be driven by the engine through the power divider when the power divider engages the engine with the electromechanical transmission, and wherein the accessory drive can be back-driven by the electromechanical transmission when the power divider disengages the engine from the electromechanical transmission.
18. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 16 , wherein, according to the rollout mode, the controller is configured to:
start the engine in response to a condition being met; and
operate both the engine and the electromechanical transmission according to a hybrid mode.
19. The fire fighting vehicle of claim 16 , wherein, according to the standby mode, the controller is configured to mechanically decouple the electromechanical transmission from the engine using the power divider and shut the engine off if the engine is on.
20. A fire fighting vehicle comprising:
a chassis;
a front axle coupled to the chassis;
a rear axle coupled to the chassis;
a powertrain coupled to the chassis, the powertrain including an engine, a battery system, and an electromechanical transmission; and
a controller configured to:
at vehicle startup, operate the electromechanical transmission using stored energy in the battery system to drive at least one of the front axle or the rear axle with the engine off;
start the engine in response to a condition being met; and
operate both the engine and the electromechanical transmission to provide hybrid vehicle operations;
wherein the condition includes at least one of (i) an amount of time after the vehicle startup exceeding a time threshold, (ii) a distance traveled after the vehicle startup exceeding a distance threshold, (iii) the fire fighting vehicle being outside of a geofence, (iv) a current vehicle speed exceeding a speed threshold, or (v) receiving a user input to start the engine;
wherein the hybrid vehicle operations include operating the engine to perform a first operation and operating the electromechanical transmission to perform a second operation;
wherein the first operation includes driving the engine to provide a mechanical engine output to at least one of (i) a pump, (ii) an accessory drive, or (iii) the electromechanical transmission with the engine; and
wherein the second operation includes driving the electromechanical transmission to at least one of (i) provide a mechanical transmission output to the accessory drive with the electromechanical transmission using the stored energy in the battery system, (ii) generate energy based on the mechanical engine output received from the engine, or (iii) provide the mechanical transmission output to the at least one of the front axle or the rear axle using at least one of (a) the stored energy in the battery system or (b) the energy generated based on the mechanical engine output.