Naturally dyed mulch and growing media
A method for making a dyed mulch composition or a dyed growing medium, the method comprising combining tree bark including one or more pigments and/or pigment precursors and wood components together to form an initial composition; heating the initial composition at a temperature greater than about 149° C. under steam in a pressurized vessel; processing the initial composition through a refiner with a plurality of opposing disks, the refiner separating the tree bark and wood components into fibers and separating the fibers from each other; and dyeing the wood components by the one or more pigments and/or pigment precursors while the tree bark and the wood components are being separated into fibers in the refiner to obtain dyed fibers.
1. A naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium composition comprising:
about 5 to 95 weight % fibrous tree bark, based on the total weight of the mulch or growing medium composition, the bark comprising natural pigments;
about 5 to 95 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the mulch or growing medium composition; and
less than about 15 weight % additional components comprising one or more of natural binder(s), naturally occurring gums, water absorption enhancement component(s), organic acid(s), manmade interlocking fiber(s), fertilizer(s),
the naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium composition having a dry bulk density of about 6 lb/ft 3 or lower and hsl coordinates such that h is from about 25-45, s is from about 20-100, and 1 is less than about 50,
wherein the composition has light-fastness of at least 1 day, measured according to ASTM D4303-99.
2. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes about 50 to 95 weight % fibrous tree bark and about 5 to 50 weight % fibrous wood components.
3. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the additional components are present in an amount between about 1 and 15 wt. %.
4. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has water holding capacity of about 400-1000 weight %, based on the total weight of the composition, measured by ASTM D7367-14.
5. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 , wherein the bark includes bark from pine, oak, walnut ( Juglans cinerea ), mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla, Swietenia mahagoni, Swietenia humilis ), hemlock, Douglas fir, Colorado fir, alder, elm, birch, Sitka spruce, eucalyptus, sycamore, maple, cedar, sweetgum, crab apple, ash, weeping willow, sassafras, mulberry, or a combination thereof.
6. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 , wherein the fibrous wood components include poplar, pine, or both.
7. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one of macronutrient(s), micronutrient(s), mineral(s), or seed.
8. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 1 further comprising composted pine bark, vermiculite, sand, rock wool, compost, animal manure, rice hulls, hardwood bark, softwood bark, peat, or a combination thereof.
9. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 8 further comprising a non-permanent dye.
10. A dyed mulch or growing medium composition comprising:
at least about 50 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the mulch or growing medium composition;
a non-permanent dye; and
at least one additional component comprising natural binder(s), guar gum, water absorption enhancement component(s), manmade interlocking fiber(s), or a combination thereof,
the dyed mulch or growing medium composition having a dry bulk density of about 6 lb/ft 3 or lower and a color with a dominant wavelength from about 400 nm to about 780 nm relative to a white illuminate,
wherein the composition has light-fastness of at least 1 day, measured according to ASTM D4303-99.
11. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition includes 100 weight % fibrous wood components.
12. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition is substantially bark free.
13. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the non-permanent dye includes one or more synthetic compounds.
14. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the fibrous wood components include softwood varieties.
15. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one of macronutrient(s), micronutrient(s), mineral(s), or seed.
16. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 further comprising composted pine bark, vermiculite, sand, rock wool, compost, animal manure, rice hulls, hardwood bark, softwood bark, peat, or a combination thereof.
17. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the non-permanent dye comprises a naturally derived non-permanent dye.
18. The dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 10 , wherein the non-permanent dye is non-toxic.
19. A naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium composition comprising:
about 1 to 50 weight % fibrous tree bark, based on the total weight of the mulch or growing medium composition;
about 50 to 99 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the mulch or growing medium composition; and
less than about 15 weight % additional components comprising natural binder(s), naturally occurring gums, water absorption enhancement component(s), organic acid(s), manmade interlocking fiber(s), fertilizer(s),
the naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium composition having a dry bulk density of about 6 lb/ft 3 or lower and the composition having hsl coordinates of h having a value from about 25-45, s having a value from about 20-100, and 1 having a value of less than about 50,
wherein the composition has light-fastness of at least 1 day, measured according to ASTM D4303-99.
20. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium composition of claim 19 , wherein the composition is artificial dye-free.