Method of heating primary coolant outside of primary coolant loop during a reactor startup operation
View Patent ↗A method for heating primary coolant in a nuclear reactor system during system start-up. A primary coolant loop fluidly couples together a reactor vessel and a steam generating vessel. The primary coolant loop is filled with primary coolant. A portion of the primary coolant is taken from the primary coolant loop and placed into a start-up sub-system. The portion is heated while in the sub-system to form a heated portion of the primary coolant. The heated portion is returned into the primary coolant loop. The method allows for the primary coolant to be heated to a no-load operating temperature.
1. A method of heating a primary coolant to a no-load operating temperature in a nuclear steam supply system, the method comprising:
a) filling a primary coolant loop within a reactor vessel and a steam generating vessel that are fluidly coupled together with a primary coolant;
b) drawing a portion of the primary coolant from the primary coolant loop and into a start-up sub-system;
c) heating the portion of the primary coolant within the start-up sub-system to form a heated portion of the primary coolant; and
d) injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant into the primary coolant loop;
wherein step d) further comprises injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant directly into a riser pipe positioned within the steam generating vessel and fluidly coupled to the reactor vessel.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step d) further comprises injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant directly into the riser pipe through an injection nozzle fluidly coupled to an injection conduit of the start-up sub-system.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the injection nozzle has an outlet positioned within the riser pipe for injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant directly into the riser pipe.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the injection nozzle discharges the heated portion of the primary coolant into the riser pipe in a direction parallel to a flow of the primary coolant in the riser pipe.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the injection nozzle discharges the heated portion of the primary coolant in a vertically upwards direction.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the injection nozzle discharges the heated portion of the primary coolant into a bottom of the riser pipe.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein step b) comprises pumping the portion of the primary coolant from a bottom portion of the reactor vessel and into the start-up sub-system.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step c) comprises flowing the portion of the primary coolant through the start-up sub-system and passed at least one heating element of a heat exchanger to convert the portion of the primary coolant into the heated portion of the primary coolant.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step d) results in the primary coolant flowing in the primary coolant loop in a first flow direction and wherein the primary coolant loop includes the riser pipe that is positioned within the steam generating vessel.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein step d) comprises injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant into the riser pipe in the first flow direction of the primary coolant.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the primary coolant flows in the primary coolant loop at a first flow rate and wherein step d) comprises injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant into the primary coolant loop at a second flow rate, the second flow rate being greater than the first flow rate.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the heated portion of the primary coolant mixes with the primary coolant within the primary coolant loop to form a mixed primary coolant, and wherein steps b) through d) proceed continuously until the mixed primary coolant reaches the no-load operating temperature.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein upon the mixed primary coolant reaching the no-load operating temperature, discontinuing steps b) through d) while the primary coolant passively flows in the primary coolant loop.
14. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising:
positioning nuclear fuel and a plurality of control rods within an internal cavity of the reactor vessel; and
wherein the mixed primary coolant is heated to the no-load operating temperature prior to any withdrawal of the control rods.
15. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising:
e) flowing a secondary coolant through a shell side of the steam generating vessel while the primary coolant flows through the primary coolant loop;
f) transferring heat from the primary coolant to the secondary coolant to change phase of the secondary coolant from liquid to steam; and
wherein the steam is retained within the shell side of the steam generating vessel until a desired pressure is reached.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein upon the desired pressure being reached, flowing at least a portion of the steam from the steam generating vessel to a steam turbine for generating electricity.
17. A method of heating a primary coolant to a no-load operating temperature in a nuclear steam supply system, the method comprising:
a) filling a primary coolant loop within a reactor vessel and a steam generating vessel that are fluidly coupled together with a primary coolant;
b) drawing a portion of the primary coolant from the primary coolant loop and into a start-up sub-system;
c) heating the portion of the primary coolant within the start-up sub-system to form a heated portion of the primary coolant;
d) injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant into the primary coolant loop;
wherein upon injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant into the primary coolant loop, the injection causes the primary coolant to flow through the primary coolant loop which comprises:
e-1) flowing the primary coolant in a first vertical direction through a riser column within the reactor vessel;
e-2) flowing the primary coolant in a first lateral direction from the reactor vessel and into a riser pipe within the steam generating vessel;
e-3) flowing the primary coolant in the first vertical direction through the riser pipe within the steam generating vessel;
e-4) flowing the primary coolant in a second vertical direction through tubes in the steam generating vessel, the second vertical direction being opposite the first vertical direction;
e-5) flowing the primary coolant in a second lateral direction from the tubes in the steam generating vessel into a downcomer within the reactor vessel; and
e-6) flowing the primary coolant from the downcomer and into the riser column;
wherein the start-up sub-system comprises an intake pipe, a pump for pumping the portion of the primary coolant from the primary coolant loop and through the start-up sub-system, a heater for heating the portion of the primary coolant to form the heated primary coolant, and an injection nozzle positioned within the riser pipe in the steam generating vessel for injecting the heated primary coolant from the heater into the primary coolant loop.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the injection nozzle has an outlet positioned within the riser pipe for injecting the heated portion of the primary coolant directly into the riser pipe.