Smallpox vaccine for cancer treatment
Disclosed herein are methods and compositions related to therapy for cancer. More specifically, the disclosed methods and compositions are related to the use of smallpox vaccine to induce an effective anti-tumor immune response.
1. A method of treating a solid tumor or a hematologic malignancy in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a smallpox vaccine and a carrier cell, wherein the smallpox vaccine and the carrier cell were cultured together in vitro, wherein the carrier cell is a stem cell, which is selected from a group consisting of an adult stem cell, an embryonic stem cell, a fetal stem cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, a neural stem cell, a totipotent stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell, a multipotent stem cell, an oligopotent stem cell, a unipotent stem cell, an adipose stromal cell, an endothelial stem cell, an induced pluripotent stem cell, a myoblast stem cell, a small juvenile stem cell, a skin fibroblast stem cell, and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stem cell is autologous to the subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stem cell is allogeneic to the subject.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stem cell comprises heterologous nucleic acid.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the heterologous nucleic acid encodes a gene encoding and expressing a protein product that is not expressed endogenously or that is expressed endogenously at low levels in the stem cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine and the stem cell are stored prior to administration to the subject.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject is a pediatric patient.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is a Wyeth strain, an attenuated Wyeth strain, a New York City Board of Health (NYCBOH) strain, or an attenuated NYCBOH strain.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the strain is a NYCBOH strain that is designated as ATCC VR-118, or CJ-MVB-SPX.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is selected from among Dryvax, Lister, EM63, Tian Tan, Copenhagen, Western Reserve, and Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) strains.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is an attenuated New York City Board of Health (NYCBOH) strain of vaccinia virus.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid tumor or hematologic malignancy is a solid tumor that is a glioblastoma, a breast carcinoma, a lung carcinoma, a prostate carcinoma, a colon carcinoma, an ovarian carcinoma, a neuroblastoma, a central nervous system tumor, or a melanoma.
14. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering a composition comprising the stem cell and the smallpox vaccine by intratumoral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraarticular, intradermal, or intraocular injection.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is a vaccinia virus that comprises heterologous nucleic acid.
16. A method of treating a solid tumor or a hematologic malignancy in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an oncolytic virus and a neural stem cell, wherein:
the oncolytic virus is a poxvirus; and
the virus and neural stem cell had been cultured together in vitro.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the poxvirus is a vaccinia virus.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the vaccinia virus is a smallpox vaccine.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is ACAM1000 or ACAM2000.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is ACAM1000 or ACAM2000.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smallpox vaccine is an LIVP strain.