Ionic polymer compositions
The present disclosure pertains to ionic polymer compositions, including semi- and fully interpenetrating polymer networks, methods of making such ionic polymer compositions, articles made from such ionic polymer compositions, and methods of making such articles and packaging for such articles.
1. A packaged article comprising an orthopedic implant and a divalent-cation-containing solution contained within a sterile package, wherein the orthopedic implant comprises an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or semi-IPN that comprises a first polymeric network comprising a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer and a second polymeric network comprising a polymer comprising carboxylic acid groups that are underivatized or sulfonic-acid-derivatized, and the divalent-cation-containing solution comprises 0.1 to 5 mM divalent metal cations comprising Ca 2+ .
2. The packaged article of claim 1 , wherein the IPN or semi-IPN has first and second surfaces, wherein the first surface has a composition corresponding to the hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer and wherein a concentration of the carboxylic acid groups is at a maximum at the second surface and decreases to zero or substantially zero concentration within a bulk of the IPN or semi-IPN, and the carboxylic acid groups are underivatized carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups, or a mixture thereof.
3. The packaged article of claim 2 , wherein the polymer having carboxylic acid groups comprises one or more monomers selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, linolenic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid.
4. The packaged article of claim 3 , wherein the carboxylic acid groups are underivatized.
5. The packaged article of claim 3 , wherein the carboxylic acid groups include sulfonic-acid derivatized carboxylic acid groups.
6. The packaged article of claim 5 , wherein the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups are amino-sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups.
7. The packaged article of claim 6 , wherein the second polymeric network comprises a measurable amount of an amino sulfonic acid compound of the formula (H 2 N) x R(SO 3 H) y or a salt thereof, where R is an organic moiety, x is a positive integer, and y is a positive integer.
8. The packaged article of claim 7 , wherein R is a hydrocarbon moiety.
9. The packaged article of claim 8 , wherein the hydrocarbon moiety is an alkane moiety, an alkene moiety, an alkyne moiety, an aromatic moiety, or a hydrocarbon moiety having a combination of two or more of alkane, alkene, alkyne, and aromatic substituents.
10. The packaged article of claim 9 , wherein the hydrocarbon moiety is a C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon moiety.
11. The packaged article of claim 10 , wherein the amino sulfonic acid is taurine or a derivative thereof.
12. The packaged article of claim 6 , wherein the carboxylic acid groups further include underivatized carboxylic acid groups.
13. The packaged article of claim 6 , wherein the IPN or semi-IPN comprises a gradient in a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups.
14. The packaged article of claim 13 , wherein a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups decreases by at least 10% from a point on the second surface of the IPN or semi-IPN to at least one point in the bulk of the IPN or semi-IPN.
15. The packaged article of claim 13 , wherein a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups does not vary by more than +/−10% between any two points in the IPN or semi-IPN.
16. The packaged article of claim 12 , wherein the IPN or semi-IPN comprises a gradient in a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups.
17. The packaged article of claim 16 , wherein a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups and a concentration of the underivatized carboxylic acid groups do not vary by more than +/−10% between any two points in the IPN or semi-IPN.
18. The packaged article of claim 16 , wherein the second polymeric network comprises a gradient in a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups and a gradient in a concentration of the underivatized carboxylic acid groups.
19. The packaged article of claim 16 , wherein a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups decreases by at least 10% from a point on the second surface of the IPN or semi-IPN to at least one point in a bulk of the IPN or semi-IPN, and wherein a concentration of the underivatized carboxylic acid groups increases by at least 10% from the point on the second surface of the IPN or semi-IPN to at least one point in the bulk of the IPN or semi-IPN.
20. The packaged article of claim 16 , wherein a molar ratio of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups to the underivatized carboxylic acid groups decreases by at least 10% from a point on the second surface of the IPN or semi-IPN to at least one point in the bulk of the IPN or semi-IPN.
21. The packaged article of claim 1 , wherein the first polymeric network comprises polyurethane.
22. The packaged article of claim 21 , wherein the first polymeric network comprises polyetherurethane.
23. The packaged article of claim 1 , wherein the implant is configured to repair or replace cartilage in a joint in the body.
24. The packaged article of claim 23 , wherein the joint in the body is a knee joint, a condyle, a patella, a tibial plateau, an ankle joint, an elbow joint, a shoulder joint, a finger joint, a thumb joint, a glenoid, a hip joint, an intervertebral disc, an intervertebral facet joint, a labrum, a meniscus, a metacarpal joint, a metatarsal joint, a toe joint, a temporomandibular joint, a wrist joint, or a portion thereof.