ADAM6 mice
Mice are provided that comprise a reduction or deletion of ADAM6 activity from an endogenous ADAM6 locus, or that lack an endogenous locus encoding a mouse ADAM6 protein, wherein the mice comprise a sequence encoding an ADAM6 or ortholog or homolog or fragment thereof that is functional in a male mouse. In one embodiment, the sequence is an ectopic ADAM6 sequence or a sequence that confers upon a male mouse the ability to generate offspring by mating. Mice and cells with genetically modified immunoglobulin heavy chain loci that comprise an ectopic nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse ADAM6 or functional fragment or homolog or ortholog thereof are also provided.
1. A method of determining a nucleotide sequence encoding a human heavy or light chain variable domain comprising the steps of:
(a) immunizing a genetically modified mouse with an antigen, wherein the mouse:
(i) has a genome that comprises:
(A) one or more human V H gene segments, one or more human D H gene segments, and one or more human J H gene segments operably linked to a mouse heavy chain constant region at an endogenous mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus,
(B) one or more human V L gene segments and one or more human J L gene segments operably linked to a light chain constant region, and
(C) a nucleotide sequence that encodes a mouse ADAM6 protein, which nucleotide sequence is integrated in the genome of the mouse, wherein the mouse ADAM6 protein is expressed in the genetically modified mouse;
(ii) generates antibodies when immunized with the antigen, wherein the antibodies each comprise a heavy chain including a human heavy chain variable domain operably linked to a mouse heavy chain constant domain and a light chain including a human light chain variable domain operably linked to a light chain constant domain; and
(iii) is fertile; and
(b) allowing the genetically modified mouse to mount an immune response to the antigen,
(c) isolating a B cell from the genetically modified mouse that expresses an antibody that specifically binds the antigen, and
(d) determining a human heavy or light chain variable region sequence that encodes a human heavy or light chain variable domain, respectively, of an antibody that specifically binds the antigen and that was generated by the genetically modified mouse.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V H gene segments are selected from the group consisting of V H 6-1, V H 1-2, V H 1-3, V H 2-5, V H 3-7, V H 1-8, V H 3-9, V H 3-11, V H 3-13, V H 3-15, V H 3-16, V H 1-18, V H 3-20, V H 3-21, V H 3-23, V H 1-24, V H 2-26, V H 4-28, V H 3-30, V H 4-31, V H 3-33, V H 4-34, V H 3-35, V H 3-38, V H 4-39, V H 3-43, V H 1-45, V H 1-46, V H 3-48, V H 3-49, V H 5-51, V H 3-53, V H 1-58, V H 4-59, V H 4-61, V H 3-64, V H 3-66, V H 1-69, V H 2-70, V H 3-72, V H 3-73, V H 3-74, and a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V L gene segments and one or more human J L gene segments are operably linked to a mouse light chain constant region at an endogenous mouse light chain locus.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V L gene segments are selected from the group consisting of Vκ1-5, Vκ1-6, Vκ1-8, Vκ1-9, Vκ1-12, Vκ1-16, Vκ1-17, Vκ1-27, Vκ1-33, Vκ1-37, Vκ1-39, Vκ2-24, Vκ2-28, Vκ2-29, Vκ2-30, Vκ2-40, Vκ3-11, Vκ3-15, Vκ3-20, Vκ6-21, and a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the mouse ADAM6 protein:
(a) is present on the same chromosome as the endogenous mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus; and/or
(b) is present at an ectopic position.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mouse ADAM6 protein is a mouse ADAM6a protein and/or a mouse ADAM6b protein.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein is contiguous with the one or more human V H gene segments, one or more human D H gene segments, or one or more human J H gene segments.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V L gene segments and one or more human J L gene segments are one or more human Vκ gene segments and one or more human Jκ gene segments.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more human Vκ gene segments and one or more human Jκ gene segments are operably linked to a mouse κ light chain constant region at an endogenous mouse κ light chain locus.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V L gene segments and one or more human J L gene segments are one or more human Vλ gene segments and one or more human Jλ gene segments.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more human Vλ gene segments and one or more human Jλ gene segments are operably linked to a mouse λ light chain constant region at an endogenous mouse λ light chain locus.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V H gene segments includes at least 18 human V H gene segments.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mouse heavy chain constant region gene comprises a CH1, a hinge, a CH2, a CH3, a CH4, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a human heavy or light chain variable region sequence that encodes a human heavy or light chain variable domain comprises amplifying the human heavy or light chain variable region sequence that encodes the human heavy or light chain variable domain.