Storing hazardous material in a subterranean formation
A hazardous material storage repository includes a drillhole extending into the Earth and including an entry. The drillhole includes a vertical drillhole portion, a transition drillhole portion coupled to the vertical drillhole portion, and a hazardous material storage drillhole portion coupled to the transition drillhole portion. The hazardous material storage drillhole portion is located below a self-healing geological formation and is vertically isolated, by the self-healing geological formation, from a zone that comprises mobile water. The repository includes a storage canister positioned in the hazardous material storage drillhole portion and sized to fit from the drillhole entry through the vertical drillhole portion, the transition drillhole portion, and into the hazardous material storage drillhole portion. The storage canister includes an inner cavity sized to enclose hazardous material.
1. A hazardous material storage repository, comprising:
a drillhole that extends into the Earth and comprises an entry at least proximate a terranean surface, the drillhole further comprising an angled drillhole portion that is coupled to the entry and deviates from true vertical at an angle, and a hazardous material storage drillhole portion coupled to the angled drillhole portion;
a storage canister positioned in the hazardous material storage drillhole portion, the storage canister sized to fit from the entry, through the angled drillhole portion, and into the hazardous material storage drillhole portion of the drillhole, the storage canister comprising an inner cavity sized to enclose radioactive hazardous material; and
a seal positioned in the drillhole, the seal isolating the hazardous material storage drillhole portion of the drillhole from the entry of the drillhole.
2. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 1 , wherein the angled drillhole portion comprises a proximate end coupled to the entry at a first depth and a distal end coupled to the hazardous material storage drillhole portion opposite the proximate end at a second depth deeper than the first depth.
3. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 1 , wherein the hazardous material storage drillhole portion comprises at least one of a substantially horizontal drillhole portion or a vertically inclined drillhole portion.
4. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 1 , wherein the hazardous material storage drillhole portion is located within or below a barrier layer that comprises an impermeable subterranean formation.
5. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 4 , wherein the impermeable subterranean formation comprises at least one of a shale formation layer or a salt formation.
6. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 5 , wherein the shale formation comprises about 20 to 30% weight by volume of clay or organic matter.
7. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 4 , wherein the hazardous material storage drillhole portion is vertically isolated, by the barrier layer, from a subterranean zone that comprises mobile water.
8. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 6 , wherein the hazardous material storage drillhole portion is formed below the barrier layer and is vertically isolated from the subterranean zone that comprises mobile water by the barrier layer.
9. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 6 , wherein the hazardous material storage drillhole portion is formed within the barrier layer, and is vertically isolated from the subterranean zone that comprises mobile water by at least a portion of the barrier layer.
10. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 4 , wherein the impermeable subterranean formation comprises a permeability of less than about 0.01 millidarcys.
11. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 9 , wherein the impermeable subterranean formation comprises a brittleness of less than about 10 MPa, where brittleness comprises a ratio of compressive stress of the impermeable subterranean formation to tensile strength of the impermeable subterranean formation.
12. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a thickness proximate the hazardous material storage drillhole portion that inhibits diffusion of the radioactive hazardous material that escapes the storage canister through the barrier layer for an amount of time that is based on a half-life of the hazardous material.
13. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 12 , wherein the thickness proximate the hazardous material storage drillhole portion is at least 100 feet.
14. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a leakage barrier defined by a time constant for leakage of the radioactive hazardous material of 10,000 years or more.
15. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 4 , wherein the impermeable subterranean formation comprises a hydrocarbon bearing formation or carbon dioxide bearing formation.
16. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 1 , wherein the radioactive hazardous material comprises spent nuclear fuel.
17. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 1 , further comprising at least one casing assembly that extends from at or proximate the entry and through at least a part of the angled drillhole portion.
18. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 1 , wherein the storage canister comprises a connecting portion configured to couple to at least one of a downhole tool string or another storage canister.
19. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 7 , wherein the barrier layer comprises a thickness proximate the hazardous material storage drillhole portion that inhibits diffusion of the radioactive hazardous material that escapes the storage canister through the barrier layer for an amount of time that is based on a half-life of the hazardous material.
20. The hazardous material storage repository of claim 19 , wherein the thickness proximate the hazardous material storage drillhole portion is at least 100 feet.