Method for bubble-free gas-enrichment of a flowing liquid within a conduit

1. A catheter for mixing a gas-enriched liquid with a flowing liquid inside a conduit, the catheter comprising:

two or more capillaries each having a first and a second end; and

a catheter tube;

wherein at least two of the two or more capillaries extend from the catheter tube, each capillary configured to deliver a stream of the gas-enriched liquid to the flowing liquid;

wherein the first end of each capillary is in fluid communication with the flowing liquid, and is positioned inside the conduit to form an intersecting angle with respect to the streams of the gas-enriched liquid emitted from each of the two or more capillaries; and

wherein the streams of the gas-enriched liquid collide with each other upon exit from the first ends of the capillaries, effecting localized convective mixing within the conduit before the streams come into close contact with surfaces of the conduit, and mix with the flowing liquid for forming gas-enriched flowing liquid.

2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein no observable bubbles are formed in the gas-enriched flowing liquid within a mixing zone.

3. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the gas-enriched flowing liquid has a hyperbaric dissolved oxygen concentration.

4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each capillary has a single lumen with a diameter from about 25 microns to about 300 microns.

5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the conduit is a blood vessel and the surfaces of the conduit are walls of the blood vessel.

6. The catheter of claim 5 , wherein the conduit includes a coronary vasculature.

7. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein a longitudal cross-section of each capillary has an internal and an external wall and internal walls of the capillaries are connected.

8. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein a longitudal cross-section of each capillary has an internal and an external wall and wherein walls of different capillaries are not connected.

9. The catheter of claim 1 further comprising a cartridge operatively coupled to the second ends of the capillaries for providing the gas-enriched liquid.

10. The catheter of claim 9 , wherein the cartridge comprises a housing and a gas-enrichment device disposed in the housing to form a gas-enriched liquid.

11. The catheter of claim 10 , wherein the gas-enrichment device comprises a gas-pressurized atomizing chamber adapted to receive the gas through a gas inlet and an atomizer disposed within the atomizing chamber, wherein the atomizer is adapted to receive a liquid and to atomize the liquid upon delivery into the gas-pressurized atomizing chamber to form the gas-enriched liquid.

12. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the cartridge comprises a liquid supply device disposed in the housing to supply a liquid to the gas-enrichment device.

13. The catheter of claim 12 , wherein the liquid supply device comprises a liquid supply chamber having a liquid flow inlet and a liquid flow outlet and a pump disposed within the liquid supply chamber, the pump adapted to draw a liquid into the liquid supply chamber through the liquid flow inlet in the liquid supply chamber and to deliver the liquid to the gas-enrichment device through the liquid flow outlet in the liquid supply chamber.

14. The catheter of claim 12 , wherein the cartridge comprises a valve assembly disposed in the housing, the valve assembly having valves to control the flow of the liquid between the liquid supply device and the gas-enrichment device and the flow of the gas-enriched liquid between the gas-enrichment device and the capillaries.

15. The catheter of claim 12 , wherein liquid supply device and the atomizing chamber are positioned coaxially.

16. A method of assembling a system for enriching a flowing liquid inside a conduit with a gas-enriched liquid, the method comprising:

providing two or more capillaries, extending from a catheter tube, each having first and second ends for delivery of a gas-enriched liquid, wherein an effluent stream exits from the first end of each capillary;

positioning the first ends of the capillaries extending from the catheter tube to form an intersecting angle with respect to the effluent streams such that these streams of gas-enriched liquid collide with each other upon exit from the first ends of the capillaries, effecting localized convective mixing within the conduit before the streams come into close contact with surfaces of the conduit; and

operatively connecting second ends of the capillaries to a source of the gas-enriched liquid.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein providing two or more capillaries each having the first and second ends for delivery of a gas-enriched liquid further comprises:

providing a single lumen capillary tube;

wrapping the tube around a curved tool with a known radius to form a capillary of a modified shape having a curved segment; and

cutting and removing a part of the curved segment to form two capillaries with exposed lumen.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cutting is configured to cause each of the two or more capillaries to have a curved portion, wherein end of the curved portion is the first end of the capillary.

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the radius of the curved tool is less than 0.10 inches.