Structural adhesive compositions
Disclosed herein are compositions including (a) a first component comprising (1) an epoxy-adduct that is the reaction product of reactants comprising a first epoxy compound, a polyol, and an anhydride and/or a diacid and (2) a second epoxy compound; (b) rubber particles having a core/shell structure and/or graphenic carbon particles; and (c) a second component that chemically reacts with the first component at ambient or slightly thermal conditions. Also disclosed herein are compositions including (a) an epoxy-capped flexibilizer; (b) a heat-activated latent curing agent; and optionally (c) rubber particles having a core/shell structure and/or graphenic carbon particles; (d) an epoxy/CTBN adduct; and/or (e) an epoxy/dimer acid adduct. The heat-activated latent curing agent may include at least one reaction product of reactants including an epoxy compound and an amine and/or an alkaloid.
1. A one-component composition comprising:
(a) 2% by weight to 40% by of an epoxy-capped flexibilizer, based on total weight of the one-component composition;
(b) 3% by weight to 25% by weight of a heat-activated latent curing agent, based on total weight of the one-component composition, wherein the heat-activated latent curing agent comprises dicyandiamide having a D98 maximum of 6 μm and a reaction product of reactants comprising a polyepoxide compound and an imidazole;
(c) optionally an epoxy/CTBN adduct;
(d) 1% by weight to 15% by weight of an epoxy-dimer acid adduct, based on total weight of the one-component composition;
(e) 5% by weight to 60% by weight of rubber particles having a core/shell structure, based on total weight of the one-component composition;
(f) optionally graphenic carbon particles; and
an epoxy compound or an epoxy resin not incorporated into or reacted as a part of any of the components (a)-(f) and/or an epoxy carrier resin incorporated into the component (e).
2. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) an epoxy compound, (ii) a polyol comprising a polytetrahydrofuran, and (iii) an anhydride and/or a diacid.
3. The one-component composition of claim 2 , wherein the epoxy compound reactant (i) of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, phenyl diglycidyl ether, or combinations thereof.
4. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) an epoxy compound and (ii) a primary or a secondary polyether amine.
5. The one-component composition of claim 4 , wherein the epoxy compound reactant (i) of the epoxy-capped flexibilizer (a) comprises Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, phenyl diglycidyl ether, or combinations thereof.
6. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the heat activated latent curing agent (b) further comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising a polyepoxide compound and an amine.
7. The one-component composition of claim 6 , wherein the amine reactant comprises a secondary amine.
8. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the heat activated latent curing agent (b) further comprises 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N,N-dimethyl urea.
9. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the epoxy/CTBN adduct (c) and the graphenic carbon particles (f) is present in the composition.
10. The one-component composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is curable at a temperature of 140° C. or less and/or is heat-curable within 15 minutes or less.
11. A method of treating a substrate, comprising: applying the composition of claim 1 to a surface of the substrate; and heating the composition at a temperature of 140° C. or less.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the temperature is less than 140° C.
13. An article comprising: a coating formed on a surface of a substrate from the composition of claim 1 following heating the composition at a temperature of 140° C. or less.
14. The article of claim 13 , wherein the temperature is less than 140° C.
15. The article of claim 13 , further comprising a second substrate, wherein the composition is positioned between the surface and the second substrate.
16. The article of claim 13 , wherein the coating has a measured lap shear strength of at least 15 MPa when tested at room temperature.
17. An automotive component comprising the article of claim 13 .
18. A wind turbine comprising the article of claim 13 .