Beta-hydroxybutyrate mixed salt compositions and methods of use
Ketogenic compositions including a plurality of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) salts are formulated to induce or sustain ketosis in a subject to which the ketogenic compositions are administered. The BHB mixed salt is formulated to provide a biologically balanced set of cationic electrolytes and avoid detrimental health effects associated with imbalanced electrolyte ratios. A ketogenic composition includes BHB salts selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. The BHB composition may also include transition metal cations (e.g., zinc or iron), one or more BHB-amino acid salts, a short-, medium-, or long-chain fatty acid source, vitamins, minerals, flavorants, or other excipients.
1. A composition for increasing ketone level in a subject, comprising:
a plurality of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprised of:
at least one beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
at least one other beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
amino acid salts of beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 20% by total weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the composition is in solid and/or powder form,
wherein the composition is free of medium chain fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbons and glycerides or other esters thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 30% by combined weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition further comprises sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition further comprises potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate, sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate, and potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate, sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate, and potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 30% by total weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 40% by total weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 45% by total weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 50% by total weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
11. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of anticaking agent, flow agent, moisture absorber, aluminosilicate, ferrocyanide, carbonate salt, bicarbonate salt, silicate, phosphate, talcum, or powdered cellulose.
12. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of acetoacetate, vitamin, lithium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, selenium, amino acid, flavoring agent, essential oil, natural sweetener, artificial sweetener, or other supplement.
13. A composition for increasing ketone level in a subject, comprising:
at least one beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
at least one other beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
amino acid salts of beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the composition comprises a greater total weight of calcium and magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate salts than a total weight of sodium and potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate salts,
wherein the composition is free of medium chain fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbons and glycerides or other esters thereof.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition comprises only one of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition comprises only one of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate or potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
16. A composition for increasing ketone level in a subject, comprising:
a plurality of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprised of:
at least one beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
at least one other beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
amino acid salts of beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 15% and less than 50% by total weight of calcium and magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate salts,
wherein the composition comprises a greater total weight of sodium and potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate salts than a total weight of calcium and magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate salts,
wherein the composition is free of medium chain fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbons and glycerides or other esters thereof.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the composition comprises only one of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate or potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
18. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the composition comprises only one of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate.
19. A composition for increasing ketone level in a subject, comprising:
a plurality of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprised of:
at least one beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
at least one other beta-hydroxybutyrate salt selected from:
sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate;
magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
amino acid salts of beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate salts comprise at least 20% by total weight of calcium beta-hydroxybutyrate and/or magnesium beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
at least one of anticaking agent, flow agent, moisture absorber, aluminosilicate, ferrocyanide, silicate, phosphate, or powdered cellulose,
wherein the composition is free of medium chain fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbons and glycerides or other esters thereof.
20. The composition of claim 19 , further comprising at least one of acetoacetate, vitamin, lithium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, iron, molybdenum, selenium, amino acid, flavoring agent, essential oil, natural sweetener, artificial sweetener, or other supplement.