Materials to improve the performance of lithium and sodium batteries
A lithium or sodium battery includes a cathode containing manganese; an anode containing an active anode material; a separator; an electrolyte; and a transition metal ion sequestration agent; wherein the transition metal ion sequestration agent contains a micron or nano-sized inorganic compound and the transition metal ion sequestration agent is located at the anode, in the electrolyte, or any combination thereof.
1. A sodium battery comprising:
a cathode comprising manganese;
an anode comprising an active anode material;
a separator;
an electrolyte; and
a transition metal ion sequestration agent;
wherein:
the transition metal ion sequestration agent comprises a micron or nano-sized inorganic compound that is Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 ; and
the anode or electrolyte comprises the transition metal ion sequestration agent.
2. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises the transition metal ion sequestration agent.
3. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the anode comprises the transition metal ion sequestration agent.
4. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein a coating on the surface of the active anode material comprises the transition metal ion sequestration agent.
5. The sodium battery of claim 2 , wherein the anode further comprises a composite film, and the transition metal ion sequestration agent is embedded within the composite film.
6. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises the transition metal ion sequestration agent.
7. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein a size of the transition metal ion sequestration agent is from about 0.1 nm to about 20 microns.
8. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein a size of the transition metal ion sequestration agent is from about 0.5 nm to about 25 nm.
9. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal ion sequestration agent is from about 0.5 nm to about 15 nm.
10. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal ion sequestration agent is present in the sodium battery at a concentration of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based on a total weight of the anode.
11. The sodium battery of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal ion sequestration agent is present in the sodium battery at a concentration of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 2 wt. % based on a total weight of the anode.
12. A sodium battery comprising:
a cathode comprising manganese;
an anode comprising an active anode material;
a separator;
an electrolyte solution comprising a polar aprotic solvent and a salt; and
a coating on the surface of the anode comprising a transition metal ion sequestration agent;
wherein:
the transition metal ion sequestration agent comprises a micron or nano-sized inorganic compound that is Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 ; and
the transition metal ion sequestration agent is a manganese ion sequestration agent.