Shape memory alloy actuators and methods thereof
SMA actuators and related methods are described. One embodiment of an actuator includes a base; a plurality of buckle arms; and at least a first shape memory alloy wire coupled with a pair of buckle arms of the plurality of buckle arms. Another embodiment of an actuator includes a base and at least one bimorph actuator including a shape memory alloy material. The bimorph actuator attached to the base.
1. A bimorph actuator comprising:
a fixed end including a dielectric layer and a conductive metal base layer, the conductive metal base layer includes a first conductive metal base element and a second conductive metal base element;
at least one bimorph arm extending from the fixed end, the at least one bimorph arm is made up of the conductive metal base layer;
at least one free end, each of the at least one free end extending from the at least one bimorph arm; and
one or more SMA material extending between the fixed end and the at least one free end, the first conductive metal base element and the second conductive metal base element are electrically isolated to create an electrical path to the one or more SMA material.
2. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the conductive metal base layer is separated by gaps defined by the dielectric layer into the first conductive metal base element, the second conductive metal base element, and a common conductive metal base layer.
3. The bimorph actuator of claim 2 , wherein the gaps are partially or fully etched gaps exposing the dielectric layer mounted to the first conductive metal base element, the second conductive metal base element, and the common conductive metal base layer.
4. The bimorph actuator of claim 2 , wherein the at least one bimorph arm is made up of the common conductive metal base layer and the dielectric layer.
5. The bimorph actuator of claim 2 , wherein one of the one or more SMA material is electrically coupled to the first conductive metal base element of the fixed end and electrically coupled to a conductive metal base layer of the at least one free end.
6. The bimorph actuator of claim 2 , wherein one of the one or more SMA material is electrically coupled to the second conductive metal base element of the fixed end and electrically coupled to a conductive metal base layer of the at least one free end.
7. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one free end includes one single unfixed load point end connected to two bimorph arms.
8. The bimorph actuator of claim 7 , wherein the single, unfixed load point includes a load point element.
9. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the one or more SMA material includes an SMA ribbon or an SMA wire.
10. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the one or more SMA material is affixed to the at least one bimorph arm using adhesive film material.
11. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the conductive metal base layer is made up of at least one of stainless steel, copper, copper alloy, gold and nickel.
12. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the fixed end includes a first contact pad electrically and mechanically coupled to the SMA material of a first bimorph arm, the first contact pad is a gold-plated stainless-steel pad.
13. The bimorph actuator of claim 1 , wherein the fixed end includes a second contact pad electrically and mechanically coupled to the SMA material of a second bimorph arm, the second contact pad is a gold-plated stainless-steel pad.
14. An actuator made up of a dielectric layer and a conductive metal base layer; the actuator comprising:
a fixed end, wherein the conductive metal base layer at the fixed end is separated by gaps defined by the dielectric layer into a first conductive metal base element, a second conductive metal base element, and a common conductive metal base layer;
at least one bimorph arm extending from the fixed end, the at least one bimorph arm is made up of the common conductive metal base layer and the dielectric layer;
at least one free end, each of the at least one free end extending from the at least one bimorph arm; and
one or more SMA material extending between the fixed end and the at least one free end, the first conductive metal base element and the second conductive metal base element are electrically isolated to create an electrical path to the one or more SMA material.
15. The actuator of claim 14 , wherein one of the one or more SMA material is electrically coupled to the first conductive metal base element of the fixed end and electrically coupled to a conductive metal base layer of the at least one free end.
16. The actuator of claim 14 , wherein one of the one or more SMA material is electrically coupled to the second conductive metal base element of the fixed end and electrically coupled to a conductive metal base layer of the at least one free end.
17. The actuator of claim 14 , wherein the at least one free end includes a tongue made up of the conductive metal base layer, and a contact member extending from a tongue.
18. A bimorph actuator comprising:
a fixed end including a dielectric layer and a conductive metal base layer, the conductive metal base layer including at least one first conductive metal base element;
at least one bimorph arm extending from the fixed end, the at least one bimorph arm is made up of the conductive metal base layer;
at least one free end, each of the at least one free end extending from the at least one bimorph arm; and
one or more SMA material extending between the fixed end and the at least one free end, the at least one first conductive metal base element is electrically isolated to create an electrical path to the one or more SMA material,
wherein the at least one free end includes a planar surface extending from the at least one bimorph arm and made up of the conductive metal base layer, and a contact member extending from the planar surface.