Shape memory alloy (SMA) bimorph actuators with reduced wire exit angle
The present embodiments relate to a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator with a joint between an SMA wire the SMA actuator being disposed at a bottom surface of the SMA actuator. The SMA actuator can include at least one fixed end configured to be fixed to a carriage, at least one free end, at least one beam connecting the fixed end and the free end, and at least one SMA wire. The at least one SMA wire can be electrically connected to the at least one fixed end and the at least one free end via electrical contact portions. The position of the at least one SMA wire being affixed to the bottom surface can allow for reduced stress and a wire exit angle at the weld joint between each SMA wire and the actuator, improving resiliency of the SMA actuator.
1 . A shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator comprising:
a first actuator arm comprising:
a first fixed end configured to be fixed to a base;
a first free end;
a first beam connecting the first fixed end and the first free end, wherein the first beam comprises a first side and a second side; and
a first SMA wire electrically connected to the first fixed end and the first free end at the second side of the beam comprising a side configured to be directed toward the base; and
a second actuator arm comprising:
a second fixed end configured to be fixed to the base;
a second free end;
a second beam connecting the second fixed end and the second free end, wherein the second beam comprises a first side and a second side; and
a second SMA wire electrically connected to the second fixed end and the second free end at the second side of the second beam.
2 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , wherein the fixed end is configured to be fixed to a carriage, wherein the second side of the actuator comprises a surface directed toward the carriage.
3 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first electrical contact portion;
a second electrical contact portion, wherein the first SMA wire is electrically connected to the first fixed end at the first electrical contact portion and the first free end at the second electrical contact portion
a third electrical contact portion; and
a fourth electrical contact portion, wherein the second SMA wire is electrically connected to the second fixed end at the third electrical contact portion and the second free end at the fourth electrical contact portion.
4 . The SMA actuator of claim 3 , wherein the first beam comprises two parallel beam portions with an opening formed between the two parallel beam portions, and wherein the first electrical contact portion and the second electrical contact portion extend into the opening formed between the two parallel beam portions.
5 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first set of electrical contact portions extending from the first fixed end; and
a second set of electrical contact portions extending from the first free end.
6 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , wherein the second free end of the second SMA actuator is directed in a direction opposing a direction of the first free end of the first SMA actuator.
7 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , wherein, responsive to obtaining an electrical current at the first SMA wire or the second SMA wire, the first free end or the second free end is configured to move in a positive z-direction.
8 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , wherein a wire exit angle comprising an angle between the first fixed end and the first SMA wire or between the second fixed end and the second SMA wire is less than 10 degrees upon actuation of each of the first SMA wire or the second SMA wire.
9 . The SMA actuator of claim 1 , wherein the SMA actuator is part of an autofocus system or an optical image stabilization system for a camera.
10 . A device comprising:
a carriage;
an actuator engaged to the carriage, the actuator comprising a first side and a second side, with the second side facing the carriage, the actuator including:
a fixed end fixed to the carriage, wherein a first set of electrical contact portions extend from the fixed end;
a free end, wherein a second set of electrical contact portions extend from the free end;
a beam connecting the fixed end and the free end; and
two shape memory alloy (SMA) wires electrically connected to the fixed end and the free end at the second side of the actuator, with a first end of each of the two SMA wires connecting to each of the first set of electrical contact portions and a second end of the two SMA wires connecting to each of the second set of electrical contact portions.
11 . The device of claim 10 , further comprising:
a second SMA actuator including:
a fixed end connected to the carriage with an electrical contact portion connected to a first end of a second SMA wire;
a free end with an electrical contact portion connected to a second end of the second SMA wire; and
a second beam disposed between the fixed end and the free end of the second SMA actuator.
12 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the free end of the second SMA actuator is directed in a direction opposing a direction of the free end of the SMA actuator.
13 . The device of claim 10 , wherein a wire exit angle comprising an angle between the fixed end and each of the at least one SMA wire or an angle between the free end and the at least one SMA wire is less than 10 degrees upon actuation of each of the at least one SMA wire.
14 . A method comprising:
providing an actuator comprising a first side and a second side comprising a side configured to be directed toward a base, the actuator comprising:
a first actuator arm including:
a first fixed end configured to be fixed to a base, wherein a first electrical contact portion extends from the first fixed end;
a first free end, wherein a second electrical contact portion extends from the first free end; and
a first beam connecting the first fixed end and the first free end; and
a second actuator arm comprising:
a second fixed end configured to be fixed to the base;
a second free end;
a second beam connecting the second fixed end and the second free end, wherein the second beam comprises a first side and a second side; and
disposing a first shape memory alloy (SMA) wire to the second side of the actuator via the first electrical contact portion and the second electrical contact portion and a second SMA wire to the second fixed end and the second free end of the second beam.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the SMA wire is disposed to the second side of the actuator via any of a weld joint and/or an adhesive at the first electrical contact portion and the second electrical contact portion.
16 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
disposing the actuator to a carriage, wherein the first fixed end and the second fixed end are fixed to the carriage, and wherein the second side of the actuator comprises a surface directed toward the carriage.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein, responsive to a current applied to the SMA wire, the free end is configured to move in a positive z-direction.
18 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
disposing a second SMA wire to the second side of the actuator via another electrical contact portion at the fixed end and another electrical contact portion at the free end.