TMA-formation inhibitor treatment for elevated TMA-containing compound diseases
The present invention provides markers and methods for determining whether a subject, particularly a human subject, has or is at risk of developing, a disease such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) or NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) (e.g., within the ensuing year, two years, and/or three years). The present application also relates to the use of such markers and methods for monitoring the status of such diseases in a subject or the effects of therapeutic agents on subjects with such diseases.
1. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of developing a disease selected from: cardiovascular disease (CVD), insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), comprising:
a) determining levels of trimethylamine (TMA)-containing compound in a biological sample obtained from the subject, wherein said TMA-containing compound comprises crotonobetaine or N6-Trimethyl-lysine;
b) graphically displaying levels of said TMA-containing compound in said biological sample as elevated compared to a control value, wherein said control value is from individuals characterized as free of symptoms of said disease;
wherein a subject whose levels of said TMA-containing compound in said biological sample are elevated as compared to said control value is at risk of developing, or has: CVD, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or NASH; and
c) treating said subject with an agent that inhibits the formation of TMA.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biological sample comprises whole blood, serum, plasma, exhaled breath, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or bronchoalveolar lavage.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said risk is a risk of developing CVD, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or NASH within the ensuing three years.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biological sample is a plasma sample.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biological sample is a serum sample.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the TMA-containing compound comprises crotonobetaine.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biological sample is a plasma sample.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said biological sample is a serum sample.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the TMA-containing compound comprises N6-Trimethyl-lysine.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said biological sample is a plasma sample.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said biological sample is a serum sample.