Pathogen surrogates based on encapsulated tagged DNA for verification of sanitation and wash water systems for fresh produce
A pathogen surrogate, formed by a DNA tag or bar code and a carrier, is described for use in the validation and verification of sanitation, such as in food processing operations and for wash water systems for fresh produce. The carrier material is selected so that the pathogen surrogate mimics the behavior of a pathogen when subjected to a sanitation operation. One or more surrogates can be introduced in to an environment, which is then subjected to sanitation process, followed by a detection process using the DNA tag of the surrogate.
1 . A method of providing a pathogen surrogate, comprising:
receiving a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based carrier formed of a non-toxic substance combining a DNA bar code with the carrier to form a pathogen surrogate; and
performing a benchmarking operation to determine whether a degradation rate of the pathogen surrogate behaves similarly to a degradation rate of a first pathogen when subjected to a first sanitation operation, the benchmarking operation including:
a) applying an amount of the pathogen surrogate to a surface, wherein the amount of the pathogen surrogate comprises a DNA tracer signal from the DNA bar code;
b) subsequently performing the first sanitation operation on the surface;
c) subsequently enumerating a remaining amount of the pathogen surrogate on the surface by measuring a remaining DNA tracer signal;
d) determining a degree of degradation of the pathogen surrogate when subjected to the first sanitation operation from a comparison of the amount of the pathogen surrogate remaining on the surface to the amount of the pathogen surrogate applied to the surface; and
e) comparing the degree of degradation of the pathogen surrogate when subjected to the first sanitation operation to a degree of degradation of the first pathogen when subjected to the first sanitation operation.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sanitation operation is a cleaning operation for a food processing plant.
3 . The method of claim 2 , where the pathogen surrogate is applied to one or more surfaces in the food processing plant.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sanitation operation is a wash water process for a food product.
5 . The method of claim 4 , where the pathogen surrogate is applied to a surface of the food product.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sanitation operation is a cleaning operation for a health care facility.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pathogen includes one or more of Salmonella , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or Clostridium difficile.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pathogen includes one or more of tuberculosis (MTB, TB), hepatitis B, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA bar code is encapsulated in the surrogate carrier.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA bar code is absorbed by the surrogate carrier.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA bar code is adsorbed onto the surrogate carrier.
12 . The method of claim 1 , the benchmarking operation further comprising:
applying an amount of the first pathogen to the surface;
subsequently performing the first sanitation operation on the surface;
subsequently determining a remaining amount of the first pathogen on the surface; and
determining the degree of degradation of the first pathogen when subjected to the first sanitation operation from a comparison of the amount of the first pathogen remaining on the surface to the amount of the first pathogen applied to the surface.