Granted Patent
B2
US 12,320,769 · App. 17/287,432 · Granted Jun 3, 2025
Systems and methods for battery-less wirelessly powered dielectric sensors
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Abstract
Wirelessly powered dielectric sensor in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In many embodiments, a wirelessly powered dielectric sensor includes an RF-power receiving antenna that receives electromagnetic power, a power management unit (PMU) including a capacitor to rectify and store the electromagnetic power, and a dielectric constant sensing sensor, where the PMU monitors harvested energy and operates the dielectric sensing sensor; and where the dielectric sensing sensor senses a dielectric constant of a material that is in close proximity.
Claims (30)
1. A wirelessly powered dielectric sensor, comprising:
an RF-power receiving antenna that receives electromagnetic power;
a power management unit (PMU) comprising a first capacitor to rectify and store the electromagnetic power; and
a dielectric constant sensing sensor comprising an oscillator comprising a second capacitor and an inductor;
wherein the PMU monitors harvested energy and operates the dielectric sensing sensor;
wherein the dielectric sensing sensor senses a dielectric constant of a material that is in close proximity by capacitance change of the second capacitor, and which sensed capacitance change of the second capacitor produces a shift in the oscillation frequency of the oscillator.
2. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the PMU further comprises a voltage reference circuit, a comparator, a low drop-out (LDO) regulator, wherein the first capacitor is an on-chip storage capacitor.
3. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 2 , wherein the PMU monitors a voltage on the first capacitor and turns a transmitter circuit on when there is sufficient energy in the first capacitor.
4. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 3 , wherein the PMU generates enable signals to turn on the low drop-out regulator to generate a regulated voltage V reg for the dielectric sensing sensor and to turn on the dielectric sensing sensor.
5. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the receiving antenna is an on-chip antenna.
6. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first capacitor is an on-chip capacitor.
7. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a transmitting on-chip antenna, wherein the transmitting on-chip antenna is used to wirelessly transmit a signal.
8. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 7 , wherein the oscillator is a dielectric sensing oscillator which drives the transmitting on-chip antenna to radiate back a signal at the oscillation frequency of the oscillator.
9. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 7 , wherein the transmitting on-chip antenna is used to transmit the signal using at least one of a wired communication channel or a wireless communication channel.
10. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the oscillator produces a frequency shift depending on the value of the dielectric constant being measured.
11. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the PMU operates the dielectric sensing sensor in duty cycle mode.
12. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric sensing sensor is used to receive a command where there is a nonconductive isolating layer between a user providing the command and the wirelessly powered dielectric sensor.
13. The wirelessly powered dielectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second capacitor of the dielectric sensing sensor comprises a metaloxide-metal capacitor (MOMCAP) that provides different capacitance for different materials.
14. A method for wirelessly powering a dielectric sensor, comprising
receiving electromagnetic power using an RF-power receiving antenna;
rectifying and storing the electromagnetic power using a first capacitor included in a power management unit (PMU);
sensing a dielectric constant using a dielectric constant sensing sensor comprising an oscillator comprising a second capacitor and an inductor;
wherein the PMU monitors harvested energy and operates the dielectric sensing sensor;
wherein the dielectric sensing sensor senses a dielectric constant of a material that is in close proximity by capacitance change of the second capacitor, and which sensed capacitance change of the second capacitor produces a shift in the oscillation frequency of the oscillator.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the PMU further comprises a voltage reference circuit, a comparator, a low drop-out (LDO) regulator, wherein the first capacitor is an on-chip storage capacitor.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the PMU monitors a voltage on the first capacitor and turns a transmitter circuit on when there is sufficient energy in the first capacitor.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the PMU generates enable signals to turn on the low drop-out regulator to generate a regulated voltage Vreg for the dielectric sensing sensor and to turn on the dielectric sensing sensor.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the receiving antenna is an on-chip antenna.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first capacitor is an on-chip capacitor.
20. The method of claim 14 , further comprising wirelessly transmitting a signal using a transmitting on-chip antenna.
Assignments (2)
CONFIRMATORY LICENSE
Recorded May 16, 2025
From: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
To: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Reel/Frame 071302/0767 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Jun 13, 2023
From: BABAKHANI, AYDIN; SUN, YUXIANG
To: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 063938/0912 →
Continuity (3)
Provisional Application
62820770
· Mar 19, 2019
Provisional Application
62769166
· Nov 19, 2018
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