Systems, devices and methods including galvanic and caloric vestibular stimulation

1. A vestibular neurostimulation device, comprising:

first and second electrodes;

first and second thermoelectric devices thermally coupled, respectively, to first and second earpieces configured to be insertable into respective ear canals of a patient; and

a controller comprising a waveform generator that is configured to deliver a modulated electric signal to the patient through galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) using the first and second electrodes and to deliver a time varying thermal waveform to the patient through caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) using the first and second earpieces simultaneous with the delivery of the modulated electrical signal through GVS,

wherein the CVS and/or GVS is configured to increase a passage of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) through a blood-brain-barrier.

2. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second earpieces comprise the first and second electrodes, respectively.

3. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the modulated electrical signal is configured to excite different frequencies than the time varying thermal waveform.

4. The neurostimulation device of claim 3 ,

wherein the modulated electrical signal is configured to excite frequencies greater than 1 Hz, and

wherein the time varying thermal waveform is configured to excite frequencies less than 1 Hz.

5. The neurostimulation device of claim 3 , wherein the modulated electrical signal is configured to excite frequencies that are at least 10 times greater than a maximum of frequencies that the time varying thermal waveform is configured to excite.

6. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the modulated electrical signal and the time varying thermal waveform to maintain a defined phase difference between the modulated electrical signal and the time varying thermal waveform.

7. The neurostimulation device of claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to control the modulated electrical signal to be approximately 180° out of phase with the time varying thermal waveform.

8. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to producing a net stimulation at a beat frequency equal to a difference between a frequency of the modulated electrical signal and a frequency of the time varying thermal waveform by controlling the frequency of the modulated electrical signal relative to the frequency of the time varying thermal waveform.

9. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the CVS is configured to produce oscillations in a cerebral blood flow.

10. The neurostimulation device of claim 9 , wherein the time varying thermal waveform is configured to facilitate production of the oscillations in the cerebral blood flow.

11. The neurostimulation device of claim 10 ,

wherein the controller is configured to sequentially apply a plurality of time varying thermal waveforms, measure respective cerebral blood flow oscillations resulting from the plurality of time varying thermal waveforms, and select at least one of the plurality of time varying thermal waveforms that produces an effective amplitude of cerebral blood flow oscillations, and

wherein the controller is configured to deliver the time varying thermal waveform to the patient through CVS simultaneous with the delivery of the modulated electrical signal through GVS by delivering the selected at least one of the plurality of time varying thermal waveforms.

12. The neurostimulation device of claim 11 , wherein the modulated electrical signal is configured to activate a subset of brain regions for the increase in passage of IGF-1 through the blood-brain-barrier.

13. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the modulated electrical signal and/or the time varying thermal waveform are configured to reduce symptoms of a neurological disease.

14. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the modulated electrical signal and/or the time varying thermal waveform are configured to reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

15. The neurostimulation device of claim 1 , wherein the modulated electrical signal and/or the time varying thermal waveform are configured to reduce symptoms of migraine headache.

16. A vestibular neurostimulation device, comprising:

first and second electrodes;

first and second thermoelectric devices thermally coupled, respectively, to first and second earpieces configured to be insertable into respective ear canals of a patient; and

a controller comprising a waveform generator that is configured to deliver a modulated electric signal to the patient through galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) using the first and second electrodes and to deliver a time varying thermal waveform to the patient through caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) using the first and second earpieces simultaneous with the delivery of the modulated electrical signal through GVS,

wherein the modulated electrical signal is configured to activate a subset of brain regions for an increase in passage of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) through a blood-brain-barrier.

17. The neurostimulation device of claim 16 , wherein the modulated electrical signal and/or the time varying thermal waveform are configured to reduce symptoms of a neurological disease.

18. The neurostimulation device of claim 16 , wherein the modulated electrical signal and/or the time varying thermal waveform are configured to reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

19. The neurostimulation device of claim 16 , wherein the modulated electrical signal and/or the time varying thermal waveform are configured to reduce symptoms of migraine headache.

20. The neurostimulation device of claim 16 , wherein the CVS is configured to produce oscillations in a cerebral blood flow.