Modulators of myocyte lipid accumulation and insulin resistance and methods of use thereof
Formulations and methods for reducing blood glucose and/or increasing insulin signaling in a subject have been developed. The formulations include SBI-477 and compounds based on SBI-477 i.e., SBI-477 analogs (collectively, SBI-477 compounds) and/or Mondo family inhibitors, in an effective amount to inhibit intracellular lipid accumulation and/or increase cellular glucose uptake when compared to levels in a control subject not administered the composition. Also disclosed are methods of reducing intracellular lipid accumulation and/or increase glucose uptake in a subject in need thereof. The method includes administering to the subject an effective amount of SBI-477 compounds and/or Mondo family inhibitor to reducing intracellular lipid accumulation and/or increase glucose uptake in the subject. Also disclosed are method for treating one or more Myc-driven cancers, including neuroblastoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma/lung adenocarcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and breast invasive carcinoma.
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising
(i) a compound represented by the general Formula IX:
wherein
R i ′ and R 2 ′ are independently hydrogen, substituted heterocyclyl, unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkenyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted amino, unsubstituted amino, substituted alkylamino, unsubstituted alkylamino, amide, substituted amide, carbonyl, substituted carbonyl, carboxyl, substituted carboxyl, substituted alkylthio, unsubstituted alkylthio, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, or R 1 ′ and R 2 ′ combine to form substituted heterocyclyl or unsubstituted heterocyclyl;
R 3 ′ is O—CH 3 ; and
A is a substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heterocyclyl, or unsubstituted heterocyclyl;
wherein the compound is not SBI-477; or
(ii) a combination of (i) and a Mondo inhibitor;
in an effective amount to reduce cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and/or increase cellular glucose uptake in a subject.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the general Formula XI:
R 18 ′ and R 19 ′ are independently substituted alkoxy, or unsubstituted alkoxy.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Mondo inhibitor is an inhibitory antisense nucleic acid, an anti-MondoA antibody, an anti-MondoB antibody, or an siRNA for MondoA, an shRNA for MondoA, an siRNA for MondoB, or shRNA for MondoB.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition promotes at least one of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, nuclear translocation of MondoA, and cellular glycogen synthesis.
5. A method of reducing blood glucose in a subject, comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 .
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the subject has one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of obesity, insulin resistant obesity, heart disease, atheromatous disease, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, triglyceride storage disease, dysfunctions associated with lipid biosynthesis and triglyceride levels, renal lipotoxicity-associated inflammation, diabetic nephropathy, pancreatic beta cell lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction, type II diabetes and insulin resistant type II diabetes.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an extended release formulation.
8. A method reducing nuclear translocation of MondoA in cancer cells in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a MondoA inhibitor in an effective amount to reduce nuclear translocation of MondoA in target cancer cells.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cancer is a Myc-driven cancer.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of neuroblastoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma/lung adenocarcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and breast invasive carcinoma.
11. A method of reducing body weight in a subject comprising administering to the subject the composition of claim 1 .
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the subject is obese or prediabetic.