Semiconductor memory structure and method for forming the same
A method for forming a semiconductor memory structure includes forming a plurality of conductive wire structures over a semiconductor substrate, and forming a plurality of spacer structures along the sidewalls of the conductive wire structures. Each of the spacer structures includes a first spacer. The method also includes forming a plurality of dielectric strips across the conductive wire structures, forming a plurality of conductive strips over the conductive wire structures and the dielectric strips, performing a patterning process on the conductive strips to form a plurality of conductive pads, and removing the first spacer of each of the spacer structures to form a gap in each of the spacer structures.
1. A method for forming a semiconductor memory structure, comprising:
forming a plurality of conductive wire structures over a semiconductor substrate;
forming a plurality of spacer structures along sidewalls of the conductive wire structures, wherein each of the spacer structures includes a first spacer and a second spacer, and wherein the second spacer covers a topmost surface and a sidewall of an insulating layer under the conductive wire structures, and a bottommost surface of the second spacer is level with a bottommost surface of the insulating layer;
forming a plurality of dielectric strips across the conductive wire structures;
forming a plurality of conductive strips extending over the conductive wire structures and the dielectric strips;
performing a patterning process on the conductive strips to form a plurality of conductive pads; and
removing the first spacer of each of the spacer structures to form a gap in each of the spacer structures.
2. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the patterning process comprises:
forming a fill layer over the conductive strips;
forming a patterned mask layer over the fill layer; and
etching portions of the fill layer, the conductive strips and the dielectric strips uncovered by the patterned mask layer to form the conductive pads.
3. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising:
removing the patterned mask layer; and
removing the fill layer, wherein the fill layer and the first spacers are consecutively removed using a same etching tool.
4. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive strips extend in a first direction, the dielectric strips extend in a second direction, the conductive wire structures extend in a third direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the first direction is not perpendicular to the second direction or the third direction.
5. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a pitch between the conductive strips is equal to a pitch between the conductive wire structures.
6. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first spacer is interposed between the second spacer and a third spacer, and wherein a material of the first spacer is different than a material of the second spacer and a material of the third spacer.
7. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a plurality of contact plugs in a plurality of openings defined by the conductive wire structures and the dielectric strips, wherein the conductive pads are formed over and corresponding to the contact plugs.
8. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a protection layer to surround the conductive pads and seal the gap, thereby forming an air gap.
9. A method for forming a semiconductor memory structure, comprising:
forming a plurality of conductive wire structures over a semiconductor substrate;
forming a plurality of spacer structures along sidewalls of the conductive wire structures, wherein each of the spacer structures includes a first spacer and a second spacer, and wherein the second spacer covers a topmost surface and a sidewall of an insulating layer under the conductive wire structures, and a bottommost surface of the second spacer is level with a bottommost surface of the insulating layer;
depositing multiple conductive materials between the conductive wire structures and over the conductive wire structures;
patterning the multiple conductive materials to form a plurality of conductive strips over top surfaces of the conductive wire structures and top surfaces of the spacer structures;
depositing a fill layer between the conductive strips, wherein the fill layer fills a plurality of trenches between the conductive strips, covers the conductive strips, and has a planar upper surface across the plurality of trenches;
cutting the conductive strips; and
performing an etching process to remove the fill layer and the first spacer to form a plurality of gaps in the spacer structures.
10. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 9 , wherein depositing the multiple conductive materials comprises:
depositing a semiconductor layer between the conductive wire structures;
depositing a barrier layer along a top surface of the semiconductor layer, sidewalls and top surfaces of the spacer structures; and
forming a metal layer over the barrier layer.
11. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 10 , wherein patterning the multiple conductive materials comprises:
forming a patterned mask layer over the metal layer; and
removing respective portions of the metal layer, the barrier layer, the conductive wire structures and the spacer structures uncovered by the patterned mask layer.
12. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 10 , wherein bottom surfaces of the gaps are located at a level between a top surface and a bottom surface of the semiconductor layer.
13. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the fill layer is a dielectric material.
14. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the dielectric material is selected from silicon oxide (SiO), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), and a combination thereof.
15. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the fill layer and the first spacer are made of the same material.
16. A method for forming a semiconductor memory structure, comprising:
forming a plurality of conductive wire structures over a semiconductor substrate;
forming a plurality of spacer structures along sidewalls of the conductive wire structures, wherein each of the spacer structures includes a first spacer and a second spacer, and wherein the second spacer covers a topmost surface and a sidewall of an insulating layer under the conductive wire structures, and a bottommost surface of the second spacer is level with a bottommost surface of the insulating layer;
depositing multiple conductive materials between the conductive wire structures and over the conductive wire structures;
patterning the multiple conductive materials to form a plurality of conductive strips over top surfaces of the conductive wire structures and top surfaces of the spacer structures;
depositing a fill layer between the conductive strips;
cutting the conductive strips; and
performing an etching process to remove the fill layer and form a plurality of gaps in the spacer structures, wherein bottom surfaces of the gaps are located at a level between a top surface and a bottom surface of a semiconductor layer.
17. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 16 , wherein depositing the multiple conductive materials comprises:
depositing a semiconductor layer between the conductive wire structures;
depositing a barrier layer along a top surface of the semiconductor layer, sidewalls and top surfaces of the spacer structures; and
forming a metal layer over the barrier layer.
18. The method for forming the semiconductor memory structure as claimed in claim 17 , wherein patterning the multiple conductive materials comprises:
forming a patterned mask layer over the metal layer; and
removing respective portions of the metal layer, the barrier layer, the conductive wire structures and the spacer structures uncovered by the patterned mask layer.