Granted Patent
B2
US 12,480,217 · App. 17/369,952 · Granted Nov 25, 2025
Reactor with advanced architecture for the electrochemical reaction of CO
Inventors:
Kendra P. Kuhl (Oakland, CA); Etosha R. Cave (Berkeley, CA); George Leonard (Oakland, CA)
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Abstract
A platform technology that uses a novel membrane electrode assembly including a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer, an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a cation-conducting polymer, a membrane layer comprising a cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer, in a CO x reduction reactor has been developed. The reactor can be used to synthesize a broad range of carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide.
Claims (22)
1 . A membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst;
an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst;
a membrane layer comprising a first ion-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer; and
a cathode buffer layer comprising a second ion-conducting polymer, the cathode buffer layer arranged between the cathode layer and the membrane layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the membrane layer, wherein the second ion-conducting polymer comprises an anion-and-cation conducting polymer.
2 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is a polyester.
3 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is a polyether.
4 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is a polyurethane.
5 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride.
6 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cathode layer further comprises an ion-conducting polymer.
7 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the anode layer further comprises an ion-conducting polymer.
8 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first ion-conducting polymer is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.
9 . A membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst;
an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst;
a membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer;
an anode buffer layer between the membrane layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the membrane layer and the anode layer,
wherein the anode buffer layer comprises an anion-and-cation conducting polymer.
10 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 9 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is a polyester.
11 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 9 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is a polyether.
12 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 9 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is a polyurethane.
13 . The membrane electrode assembly of claim 9 , wherein the anion-and-cation conducting polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride.
Assignments (4)
SECURITY INTEREST
Recorded Jan 19, 2026
From: TWELVE BENEFIT CORPORATION
To: SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 074435/0926 →
CONFIRMATORY ASSIGNMENT OF PATENT RIGHTS
Recorded Jul 25, 2025
From: KUHL, KENDRA P.; CAVE, ETOSHA R.; LEONARD, GEORGE; LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY; THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA; TWELVE BENEFIT CORPORATION
To: TWELVE BENEFIT CORPORATION; THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 072234/0634 →
CHANGE OF NAME
Recorded May 24, 2024
From: OPUS 12 INCORPORATED
To: TWELVE BENEFIT CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 067529/0651 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Mar 24, 2022
From: KUHL, KENDRA P.; CAVE, ETOSHA R.; LEONARD, GEORGE
To: OPUS 12 INCORPORATED; THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 059387/0423 →
Continuity (4)
Provisional Application
62331387
· May 3, 2016
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