Electrode catalyst layer for carbon dioxide electrolysis cell, electrolysis cell and carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus comprising the same
The embodiments provide an electrode catalyst layer for an electrolysis cell, and also an electrolysis cell and a carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus comprising that layer. The catalyst layer has a controlled porous structure, and can realize a high partial current density. The catalyst layer of the embodiment comprises carbonous catalyst carriers, a metallic catalyst loaded on the carriers, and an ion-conductive material. The catalyst layer contains pores of 5 to 200 μm diameters, and the pores have a volume per weight of the catalyst layer in the range of 3.0 to 10 mL/g in total.
1. An electrode suitable for a carbon dioxide electrolysis cell, comprising:
a substrate; and
an electrode catalyst layer comprising (i) carbonaceous catalyst carriers, and (ii) a metallic catalyst loaded on the carbonaceous catalyst carriers,
wherein the metallic catalyst comprises Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zn, and/or Ga, as a metal,
wherein the catalyst layer comprises primary particles of the carbonaceous catalyst carriers which are aggregated to form secondary particles,
the catalyst layer has a porous structure comprising pores of a diameter less than 5 μm inside and among the primary particles and pores of 5 to 200 μm among the secondary particles, diameters measured by a mercury injection method,
wherein a volume of the pores having a diameter of 5 to 200 μm among the secondary particles per weight of the catalyst layer is in a range of from 3.0 to 10 mL/g, and
wherein the pore-diameter distribution measured by a mercury injection method shows the highest peak of frequency distribution in the diameter range of from greater than 10 μm to less than 50 μm, provided that the diameter and the logarithmic differential pore volume are plotted on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the secondary particles of the carbonaceous catalyst carriers have a mean particle diameter in a range of from 5 to 50 μm.
3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the primary particles of the carbonaceous catalyst carriers comprise carbon particles, carbon nanotubes, and/or graphenes.
4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the metallic catalyst comprises the Au, as a metal; and
wherein the metal is in the form of nanoparticles, nanostructures, and/or nanowires.
5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the metal is in the form of nanoparticles having a mean diameter in a range of from 1 to less than 5 nm.
6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the metallic catalyst has a weight per area of the electrode catalyst layer in a range of from 0.01 to 5 mg/cm 2 .
7. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer further comprises an ion-conductive material.
8. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the ion-conductive material is an anion-exchange resin or a cation exchange resin.
9. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer has a thickness in a range of from 5 to 200 μm.
10. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer has a weight per area in a range of from 0.1 to 10 mg/cm 2 .
11. An electrolysis cell, comprising:
an anode unit comprising an anode suitable to oxidize water or hydroxy ions into oxygen, and an anode solution-flow path through which an anode solution is supplied to the anode;
a cathode unit comprising a cathode comprising a catalyst layer and being suitable to reduce carbon dioxide into a carbon compound, and a gas-flow path through which carbon dioxide is supplied to the cathode; and
a separator arranged to separate the anode unit and the cathode unit from each other,
wherein the catalyst layer comprises a carbonaceous catalyst carrier and a metallic catalyst loaded on the carbonaceous catalyst carrier,
wherein the metallic catalyst comprises Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zn, and/or Ga, as a metal,
wherein the catalyst layer comprises primary particles of the carbonaceous catalyst carriers which are aggregated to form secondary particles,
the catalyst layer has a porous structure comprising pores of a diameter less than 5 μm inside and among the primary particles and pores of 5 to 200 μm among the secondary particles, diameters measured by a mercury injection method,
wherein a volume of the pores having a diameter of 5 to 200 μm among the secondary particles per weight of the catalyst layer is in a range of from 3.0 to 10 mL/g, and
wherein the pore-diameter distribution measured by a mercury injection method shows the highest peak of frequency distribution in the diameter range of from greater than 10 μm to less than 50 μm, provided that the diameter and the logarithmic differential pore volume are plotted on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively.
12. The electrolysis cell if claim 11 , wherein the anode solution comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxy ion, hydrogen ion, potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion, borate ion, and hydrogen carbonate ion.
13. The electrolysis cell of claim 11 , wherein the separator is at least one selected from the group consisting of a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a porous membrane.
14. A carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus, comprising:
the electrolysis cell of claim 11 ; and
an electric power unit configured to supply electric current between the anode and the cathode in the electrolysis cell.
15. An electrolysis cell, comprising:
an anode unit comprising an anode suitable to oxidize water or hydroxy ions into oxygen, and an anode solution-flow path through which an anode solution is supplied to the anode;
a cathode unit comprising a cathode comprising a catalyst layer and being suitable to reduce carbon dioxide into a carbon compound, a cathode solution-flow path through which a cathode solution is supplied to the cathode, and a gas-flow path through which carbon dioxide is supplied to the cathode; and
a separator arranged to separate the anode unit and the cathode unit from each other;
provided that
the anode is so placed between the separator and the anode solution-flow path as to be in contact with them,
wherein the catalyst layer comprises primary particles of the carbonaceous catalyst carriers which are aggregated to form secondary particles,
the catalyst layer has a porous structure comprising pores of a diameter less than 5 μm inside and among the primary particles and pores of 5 to 200 μm among the secondary particles, diameters measured by a mercury injection method,
wherein a volume of the pores having a diameter of 5 to 200 μm among the secondary particles per weight of the catalyst layer is in a range of from 3.0 to 10 mL/g, and
wherein the pore-diameter distribution measured by a mercury injection method shows the highest peak of frequency distribution in the diameter range of from greater than 10 μm to less than 50 μm, provided that the diameter and the logarithmic differential pore volume are plotted on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively.
16. The electrolysis cell of claim 15 , wherein the cathode is so placed between the cathode solution-flow path and the gas-flow path as to be in contact with them, and
wherein the cathode solution-flow path is so placed between the separator and the cathode as to be in contact with them.
17. The electrolysis cell of claim 15 , wherein the anode and cathode solutions comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxy ion, hydrogen ion, potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion, borate ion, and hydrogen carbonate ion.
18. The electrolysis cell of claim 15 , wherein the separator is at least one selected from the group consisting of a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a porous membrane.
19. A carbon dioxide electrolysis apparatus, comprising:
the electrolysis cell of claim 15 ; and
an electric power unit configured to supply electric current between the anode and the cathode in the electrolysis cell.