Food processing system including extruder with hollow core screw assembly
Apparatus and methods for food production including a food preconditioner ( 228 ) operable to heat and partially pre-cook food ingredients, and a twin screw extruder ( 20 ) operable to further cook the preconditioned ingredients to create final food products. The extruder ( 20 ) includes a pair of hollow core extrusion screws ( 50, 52, 124, 126, 190 ) having elongated hollow core shafts ( 54, 128, 130, 192 ) equipped with helical fighting ( 56, 132, 134, 194 ) along the lengths thereof. The fighting ( 132, 134, 194 ) is also of hollow construction which communicates with the hollow core shafts ( 54, 128, 130, 192 ). The fighting ( 56, 132, 134, 194 ) also includes forward, reverse pitch sections ( 64, 162, 216 ). The extrusion screws ( 50, 52, 124, 126, 190 ) are designed to impart high levels of thermal energy into materials being processed in the extruders ( 20 ), without adding additional moisture.
1. A method of preparing a food product comprising the steps of:
passing a mixture of food ingredients into and through a food preconditioner operable to heat and at least partially pre-cook said food ingredients to create a preconditioned product;
passing said preconditioned product into a food extruder operable to further cook said preconditioned product, said food extruder having a barrel with a preconditioned product inlet, an extruded product output comprising a restricted orifice die, and a pair of elongated, fully intermeshed, axially rotatable screws with outwardly extending helical flighting along the length thereof, the flighting of the screws being fully intermeshed along the lengths thereof, said screws within said barrel and operable to move said mixture from said mixture input toward and through said restricted orifice die,
said mixture including grain, starch, and fat,
said screws each having a hollow core, and at least a portion of said helical flighting having an internal hollow helical region, said hollow core and region each configured to receive heat exchange media therein, said hollow core and said flighting portion in communication with each other; and
during said step of passing the preconditioned product into the food extruder, rotating said screws and generating pressure within said barrel.
2. The method of claim 1 , said mixture including meat, said meat present in the mixture at a level of from about 100-250% by weight based upon the weight of the dry ingredients taken as 100% by weight.
3. The method of claim 2 , said meat being preheated to a temperature of from about 35-50° C., prior to said step of passing the mixture of food ingredients into and through the food preconditioner.
4. The method of claim 1 , during said step of passing the preconditioned product into the food extruder, rotating said screws at a rate of from about 30-150 rpm and developing a pressure within said barrel of from about 200-600 psi, and directing heat exchange media into the hollow cores and hollow helical regions of said screws.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing said heat exchange media into said hollow cores and allowing the heat exchange media to pass into said hollow helical regions.
6. The method of claim 5 , said hollow cores and hollow helical regions being in communication through a series of spaced apart apertures, whereby said heat exchange media directed into said hollow cores passes through said apertures and into said hollow helical regions.
7. The method of claim 1 , including the step of retarding the flow of said mixture within said barrel at a point proximal to said output.
8. The method of claim 1 , said heat exchange media being steam pressurized to a level of from about 30-60 psi.
9. The method of claim 1 , including the step of directionally co-rotating said screws within said barrel.
10. The method of claim 1 , said food product being a pet food.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heat exchange media is delivered to said hollow cores via a media delivery assembly that includes a pair of media delivery tubes extending from a point outside of said barrel and respectively into a corresponding one of said hollow cores.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of said screws having a first helical flighting section, the first helical flighting section that conveys said preconditioned product from said barrel inlet toward and through said extruded product outlet, and wherein each of said screws has a second helical flighting section proximal to said extruded product outlet that retards the flow of preconditioned product therepast, said first and second helical sections being of opposite hand.
13. The method of claim 12 , said second helical section being shorter than said first helical section.
14. The method of claim 12 , said second helical section having a pitch length smaller than the pitch length of said first helical section.
15. The method of claim 12 , said first helical section having a pitch length of from about 0.4-1.2 based upon the diameter of said first helical section, and said second helical section having a pitch length of from about 0.2-101 based upon the diameter of said second helical section.
16. A method of preparing a food product comprising the steps of:
passing a mixture of food ingredients into and through a food preconditioner operable to heat and at least partially pre-cook said food ingredients to create a preconditioned product;
passing said preconditioned product into a food extruder operable to further cook said preconditioned product, said food extruder having a barrel with a preconditioned product inlet, an extruded product output comprising a restricted orifice die, and a pair of elongated, intermeshed, axially rotatable screws with outwardly extending helical flighting along the length thereof, said screws within said barrel and operable to move said mixture from said mixture input toward and through said restricted orifice die,
said mixture including grain, starch, and fat,
said screws each having a hollow core, and at least a portion of said helical flighting having an internal hollow helical region, said hollow core and region each configured to receive heat exchange media therein, said hollow core and said flighting portion in communication with each other;
directing said heat exchange media into said hollow cores and allowing the heat exchange media to pass into said hollow helical regions, said hollow cores and hollow helical regions being in communication through a series of spaced apertures, whereby said heat exchange media directed into said hollow cores passes through said apertures and into said hollow helical regions; and
during said passing preconditioned product into a food extruder step, rotating said screws and generating pressure within said barrel.
17. A method of preparing a food product comprising the steps of:
passing a mixture of food ingredients into and through a food preconditioner operable to heat and at least partially pre-cook said food ingredients to create a preconditioned product;
passing said preconditioned product into a food extruder operable to further cook said preconditioned product, said food extruder having a barrel with a preconditioned product inlet, an extruded product output comprising a restricted orifice die, and a pair of elongated, intermeshed, axially rotatable screws with outwardly extending helical flighting along the length thereof, said screws within said barrel and operable to move said mixture from said mixture input toward and through said restricted orifice die,
said mixture including grain, starch, and fat,
said screws each having a hollow core, and at least a portion of said helical flighting having an internal hollow helical region, said hollow core and region each configured to receive heat exchange media therein, said hollow core and said flighting portion in communication with each other, wherein said heat exchange media is delivered to said hollow cores via a media delivery assembly that includes a pair of media delivery tubes extending from a point outside of said barrel and respectively into a corresponding one of said hollow cores; and
during said passing preconditioned product into a food extruder step, rotating said screws and generating pressure within said barrel.